Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
PLoS One. 2021 May 6;16(5):e0251251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251251. eCollection 2021.
Previous research has shown that the built environment plays a crucial role for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health care utilization. But, there is limited evidence on the independence of this association from lifestyle and social environment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate these associations, independent of the social environment, physical activity and body mass index (BMI). We used data from the third follow-up of the Swiss study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart diseases In Adults (SAPALDIA), a population based cohort with associated biobank. Covariate adjusted multiple quantile and polytomous logistic regressions were performed to test associations of variables describing the perceived built environment with HRQoL and health care utilization. Higher HRQoL and less health care utilization were associated with less reported transportation noise annoyance. Higher HRQoL was also associated with greater satisfaction with the living environment and more perceived access to greenspaces. These results were independent of the social environment (living alone and social engagement) and lifestyle (physical activity level and BMI). This study provides further evidence that the built environment should be designed to integrate living and green spaces but separate living and traffic spaces in order to improve health and wellbeing and potentially save health care costs.
先前的研究表明，建筑环境对与健康相关的生活质量（HRQoL）和医疗保健利用起着至关重要的作用。但是，关于这种关联与生活方式和社会环境无关的证据有限。本横断面研究的目的是调查这些关联，而不受社会环境、身体活动和体重指数（BMI）的影响。我们使用了瑞士空气污染与成人肺部和心脏疾病研究（SAPALDIA）第三次随访的数据，这是一个基于人群的队列研究，并有相关的生物库。采用调整协变量的多个分位数和多项逻辑回归来检验描述感知建筑环境的变量与 HRQoL 和医疗保健利用之间的关联。报告的交通噪声干扰越少，HRQoL 越高，医疗保健利用越少。对生活环境的满意度越高，对绿地的感知度越高，HRQoL 也越高。这些结果与社会环境（独居和社交参与）和生活方式（身体活动水平和 BMI）无关。本研究进一步证明，建筑环境的设计应将居住和绿地整合在一起，但应将居住和交通空间分开，以改善健康和幸福感，并可能节省医疗保健费用。
