Benham P K
Occupational Therapy Department, College of Saint Catherine, St. Paul, Minnesota 55105.
Am J Occup Ther. 1988 May;42(5):305-11. doi: 10.5014/ajot.42.5.305.
The study described in the following article investigated the attitudes of occupational therapy personnel toward persons with disabilities. The examination involved attitudes in general as measured by the Scale of Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons (SADP) (Antonak, 1981), specific attitudes toward infants with Down's syndrome, beliefs concerning the importance of favorable attitudes toward patients, and beliefs concerning the role of the American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA) in the development of ethical guidelines for the delivery of health care services. The results of a survey of 619 occupational therapy personnel indicate that they hold a very favorable attitude toward persons with disabilities, and that they believe that a negative attitude would adversely affect the therapeutic relationship. The majority agree that the expression of a favorable attitude should be a criterion in student selection. The majority also agree that AOTA should develop position papers on ethical issues and take a public position on issues pertinent to the rights of the disabled person. Occupational therapy personnel proved to be very homogeneous on the general attitudinal scale. However, the Down's syndrome scenario uncovered significant differences among the different categories of respondents in the variables for professional level, area of practice, years of practice, and geographic location. A majority of respondents agreed that is is unethical to withhold needed surgery from a child because of disability. However, they differed on the ethics of aborting a fetus with Down's syndrome (most thought it was unethical).
以下文章中描述的研究调查了职业治疗人员对残疾人的态度。该调查涉及通过《对残疾人态度量表》（SADP）（安东尼阿克，1981年）衡量的总体态度、对唐氏综合征婴儿的具体态度、关于对患者持积极态度的重要性的信念，以及关于美国职业治疗协会（AOTA）在制定医疗保健服务伦理准则方面作用的信念。对619名职业治疗人员的调查结果表明，他们对残疾人持非常积极的态度，并且他们认为消极态度会对治疗关系产生不利影响。大多数人同意，表达积极态度应该是学生选拔的一个标准。大多数人还同意，AOTA应该就伦理问题撰写立场文件，并就与残疾人权利相关的问题表明公开立场。职业治疗人员在总体态度量表上表现出高度的一致性。然而，唐氏综合征的情景揭示了不同类别的受访者在专业水平、实践领域、实践年限和地理位置等变量上存在显著差异。大多数受访者同意，因残疾而不给儿童进行必要的手术是不道德的。然而，他们在唐氏综合征胎儿堕胎的伦理问题上存在分歧（大多数人认为这是不道德的）。
