Song Xiao Lin, Zhao Xi Ning, Gao Xiao Dong, Wu Pu Te, Ma Wen, Yao Jie, Jiang Xiao Li, Zhang Wei
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
3 Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China IWSA, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Nov;28(11):3544-3552. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201711.028.
Water scarcity is a critical factor influencing rain-fed agricultural production on the Loess Plateau, and the exploitation of rainwater is an effective avenue to alleviate water scarcity in this area. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of soil moisture in the 0-300 cm under a 21-year-old apple orchard with the rainwater collection and infiltration (RWCI) system by using a time domain reflectometer (TDR) probe on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that there was a low soil moisture zone in the 40-80 cm under the CK, and the RWCI system significantly increased soil moisture in this depth interval. Over this depth, the annual average soil moisture under RWCI, RWCI and RWCI was 39.2%, 47.2% and 29.1% higher than that of bare slope (BS) and 75.3%, 85.4% and 62.7% higher than that of CK, respectively. The maximum infiltration depth of water under RWCI, RWCI and RWCI was 80 cm, 120 cm and 180 cm, respectively, and the soil moisture in the 0-60, 0-100 and 0-120 cm was more affected by RWCI, RWCI and RWCI, respectively. Over the whole growth period of apple tree, the maximum value of soil moisture content in the 0-300 cm existed in the RWCI treatment, followed by the RWCI and RWCI treatments. Overall, the RWCI system is an effective meaning of transforming rainwater to available water resources and realizing efficient use of agricultural water on the Loess Plateau.
水资源短缺是影响黄土高原雨养农业生产的关键因素，雨水集蓄利用是缓解该地区水资源短缺的有效途径。本研究旨在利用时域反射仪（TDR）探头，对黄土高原上一个21年生苹果园在采用雨水集蓄与入渗（RWCI）系统情况下0-300厘米土层土壤水分的时空分布进行调查。结果表明，对照（CK）处理下40-80厘米处存在土壤水分低值区，RWCI系统显著增加了该深度区间的土壤水分。在该深度以上，RWCI、RWCI和RWCI处理下的年平均土壤水分分别比裸坡（BS）高39.2%、47.2%和29.1%，比CK高75.3%、85.4%和62.7%。RWCI、RWCI和RWCI处理下水分的最大入渗深度分别为80厘米、120厘米和l80厘米，0-60厘米、0-100厘米和0-120厘米土层的土壤水分分别受RWCI、RWCI和RWCI处理影响更大。在苹果树整个生长季，0-300厘米土层土壤含水量最大值出现在RWCI处理，其次是RWCI和RWCI处理。总体而言，RWCI系统是将雨水转化为可用水资源、实现黄土高原农业水资源高效利用的有效手段。
