Jin Bo, Wang Yan Ping, Mu Yan, Li Sheng Guang
College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2018 May;29(5):1559-1568. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201805.018.
Rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology is a new technology based on the ridge film mulching and furrow rainwater harvesting. To explore the application effects of rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology, four different treatments including control (CK), loessal soil with compacted anti-seepage treatment (L), red clay with anti-seepage treatment (R), and red clay with compacted anti-seepage treatment (R) were set up in a "Fuji" hillside orchard in Mizhi Demonstration Station of northern Shaanxi Province. Soil bulk density, stable infiltration rate, soil water content, fruit quality and yield, and water use efficiency were measured. Results showed that R had the best anti-seepage efficiency with the highest bulk density (1.61 g·cm), the minimum water holding capacity, and the least stable infiltration rate (0.02 mm·min). The empirical formula of Kostiakov equation was suitable for describing water infiltration characteristics. Throughout the growing season, soil moisture for 0-60 cm soil depth in the rainwater harvesting ditch could be improved by the different anti-seepage treatments. R had the highest soil water content all the time and could satisfy the suitable water content standard for growth and development of apple trees in the dry season. Under the anti-seepage treatment, there was an "low humid layer" with 20-30 cm of soil layer under 60 cm soil depth, but the variation tendency of soil water content from "low humid layer" to 200 cm soil layer was stable and slightly higher than that in CK. Rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage treatments could increase fruit yield and water use efficiency, and improve the quality of fruit. Compared with that in CK, the fruit yield, the rate of good fruit, and water use efficiency of R treatment increased by 19.2%, 26.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. Therefore, rainwater harvesting and soil anti-seepage technology was recommended as the effective agricultural measurement in the apple production in loess hilly areas of northern Shaanxi Province.
雨水集蓄与土壤防渗技术是一项基于垄膜覆盖和沟内雨水集蓄的新技术。为探究雨水集蓄与土壤防渗技术的应用效果，在陕西省北部米脂示范站的一处“富士”山坡果园设置了四个不同处理，包括对照（CK）、压实防渗处理的黄土（L）、防渗处理的红黏土（R）以及压实防渗处理的红黏土（R）。测量了土壤容重、稳定入渗率、土壤含水量、果实品质和产量以及水分利用效率。结果表明，R的防渗效率最佳，容重最高（1.61 g·cm），持水量最小，稳定入渗率最低（0.02 mm·min）。Kostiakov方程的经验公式适用于描述水分入渗特征。在整个生长季，不同防渗处理可提高雨水集蓄沟内0至60 cm土层的土壤湿度。R始终具有最高的土壤含水量，能够满足旱季苹果树生长发育的适宜含水量标准。在防渗处理下，60 cm土层以下20至30 cm土层存在一个“低湿层”，但从“低湿层”到200 cm土层的土壤含水量变化趋势稳定，且略高于CK。雨水集蓄与土壤防渗处理可提高果实产量和水分利用效率，并改善果实品质。与CK相比，R处理的果实产量、好果率和水分利用效率分别提高了19.2%、26.5%和24.5%。因此，雨水集蓄与土壤防渗技术被推荐为陕北黄土丘陵区苹果生产中的有效农艺措施。
