Reckendorf A, Ludes-Wehrmeister E, Wohlsein P, Tiedemann R, Siebert U, Lehnert K
Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation,Werftstr. 6,D-25761 Buesum,Germany.
Department of Pathology,University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation,Buenteweg 17,D-30559 Hannover,Germany.
Parasitology. 2018 Oct;145(12):1553-1557. doi: 10.1017/S0031182018000586. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Orca (Orcinus orca) strandings are rare and post-mortem examinations on fresh individuals are scarce. Thus, little is known about their parasitological fauna, prevalence of infections, associated pathology and the impact on their health. During post-mortem examinations of two male neonatal orcas stranded in Germany and Norway, lungworm infections were found within the bronchi of both individuals. The nematodes were identified as Halocercus sp. (Pseudaliidae), which have been described in the respiratory tract of multiple odontocete species, but not yet in orcas. The life cycle and transmission pathways of some pseudaliid nematodes are incompletely understood. Lungworm infections in neonatal cetaceans are an unusual finding and thus seem to be an indicator for direct mother-to-calf transmission (transplacental or transmammary) of Halocercus sp. nematodes in orcas.
虎鲸（虎鲸属）搁浅事件较为罕见，对新鲜个体进行尸检的情况也很少。因此，人们对它们的寄生虫群落、感染率、相关病理学以及对其健康的影响知之甚少。在对两头搁浅于德国和挪威的雄性新生虎鲸进行尸检时，在两头个体的支气管内均发现了肺线虫感染。这些线虫被鉴定为Halocercus属（伪海兽科），该属已在多种齿鲸类物种的呼吸道中被描述，但尚未在虎鲸中发现过。一些伪海兽科线虫的生命周期和传播途径尚未完全明确。新生鲸类的肺线虫感染是一个不寻常的发现，因此似乎是虎鲸中Halocercus属线虫直接母婴传播（经胎盘或经乳腺）的一个指标。
