Manchanda Yashpal, Das Sudip, Sarda Aarti, Biswas Projna
Department of Dermatology, Al Farwaniya, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Indian J Dermatol. 2018 Mar-Apr;63(2):125-130. doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_585_17.
Some cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are severe life-threatening conditions due to multisystem involvements with a high morbidity and mortality rates ranging from 25 - 70% and require immediate medical care. But there are huge controversies regarding the management because large clinical trials are lacking. Most frequent discussion and division occur regarding the use of systemic corticosteroid as early intervention with corticosteroids controls inflammation. Corticosteroids are potent agents that target several intracellular processes to modify almost all components of inflammatory and immune responses but their impact on the long term disease course is not known. Controlled relapses of rash and hepatitis may occur as corticosteroids are tapered. A chronic HHV6 activation promoted by systemic steroids could explain these relapses. Second important issue is the use of antitubercular drugs (ATD) in case of CADR due to multidrug therapy of ATD. As both the tuberculosis and CADR are life threatening conditions and we can not spare treatment of tuberculosis for CADR, we should come to a conclusion which is not yet decided. In the same way the use of antileprotic MDT in CADR due to MDT raises a similar controversy. So, here we focus on those controversies and discuss the issues.
一些皮肤药物不良反应(CADR)是严重的危及生命的状况,因为多系统受累,发病率和死亡率很高,范围在25%至70%之间,需要立即就医。但由于缺乏大型临床试验,在治疗管理方面存在巨大争议。关于使用全身性皮质类固醇作为早期干预措施的讨论最为频繁且存在分歧,因为皮质类固醇可控制炎症。皮质类固醇是强效药物,可针对多种细胞内过程来改变炎症和免疫反应的几乎所有成分,但其对疾病长期病程的影响尚不清楚。随着皮质类固醇逐渐减量,皮疹和肝炎可能会出现复发性发作。全身性类固醇促进的慢性人疱疹病毒6型(HHV6)激活可能解释这些复发情况。第二个重要问题是在因抗结核药物(ATD)多药治疗导致CADR的情况下使用抗结核药物。由于结核病和CADR都是危及生命的状况,而且我们不能为了治疗CADR而停止结核病治疗,所以我们应该得出一个尚未确定的结论。同样,在因多药联合治疗(MDT)导致CADR的情况下使用抗麻风病多药联合治疗也引发了类似的争议。因此,在这里我们聚焦于这些争议并讨论相关问题。