Bhatti Alysha
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2018 Apr 10;9:235-237. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S149558. eCollection 2018.
Errors in clinical reasoning, known as cognitive biases, are implicated in a significant proportion of diagnostic errors. Despite this knowledge, little emphasis is currently placed on teaching cognitive psychology in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Understanding the origin of these biases and their impact on clinical decision making helps stimulate reflective practice. This article outlines some of the common types of cognitive biases encountered in the clinical setting as well as cognitive debiasing strategies. Medical educators should nurture healthy skepticism among medical students by raising awareness of cognitive biases and equipping them with robust tools to circumvent such biases. This will enable tomorrow's doctors to improve the quality of care delivered, thus optimizing patient outcomes.
临床推理中的错误，即认知偏差，在很大一部分诊断错误中都有涉及。尽管有这方面的认识，但目前本科医学课程中对认知心理学教学的重视程度很低。了解这些偏差的根源及其对临床决策的影响有助于激发反思性实践。本文概述了临床环境中常见的一些认知偏差类型以及认知去偏策略。医学教育工作者应通过提高对认知偏差的认识并为医学生配备强大的工具来规避此类偏差，从而培养他们健康的怀疑态度。这将使未来的医生能够提高所提供的医疗服务质量，从而优化患者的治疗效果。
