Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Demography. 2018 Jun;55(3):877-899. doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0670-y.
In this article, we examined what has contributed to the worsening income inequality and poverty between 1996 and 2011 in South Korea. We used a rank-preserving exchange method and a conditional reweighting method to assess the roles of family behaviors-including female labor force participation and family structure-characteristics of household heads, and men's earnings. The results showed that the change in men's earnings was a dominant factor in accounting for the increasing income inequality and poverty. The change in age and education among household heads also contributed significantly to the worsening income distribution. The change in family structure mainly affected the income disparity among lower-income families and increased poverty. The rise in women's labor force participation improved the income distribution but not considerably. The distributional roles of family have not worked to prevent or reverse the worsening income distribution in the past few decades in South Korea.
本文考察了 1996 年至 2011 年韩国收入不平等和贫困加剧的原因。我们使用了等级保持交换方法和条件再加权方法，评估了家庭行为（包括女性劳动力参与率和家庭结构）、户主特征以及男性收入在其中的作用。结果表明，男性收入的变化是导致收入不平等和贫困加剧的主要因素。户主年龄和受教育程度的变化也对收入分配恶化做出了重要贡献。家庭结构的变化主要影响低收入家庭的收入差距，并导致贫困增加。女性劳动力参与率的上升改善了收入分配，但效果不明显。在过去几十年里，家庭的分配角色并没有起到防止或扭转韩国收入分配恶化的作用。
