Carr D J, Stevenson T, Mahoney P F
Impact and Armour Group, Centre for Defence Engineering, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Swindon, SN6 8LA, UK.
Defence and Security Accelerator, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ, UK.
Int J Legal Med. 2018 Nov;132(6):1659-1664. doi: 10.1007/s00414-018-1831-7. Epub 2018 Apr 25.
Blocks of gelatine are used in both lethality and survivability studies for broadly the same reason, i.e. comparison of ammunition effects using a material that it is assumed represents (some part of) the human body. The gelatine is used to visualise the temporary and permanent wound profiles; elements of which are recognised as providing a reasonable approximation to wounding in humans. One set of researchers aim to improve the lethality of the projectile, and the other to understand the effects of the projectile on the body to improve survivability. Research areas that use gelatine blocks are diverse and include ammunition designers, the medical and forensics communities and designers of ballistic protective equipment (including body armour). This paper aims to provide an overarching review of the use of gelatine for wound ballistics studies; it is not intended to provide an extensive review of wound ballistics as that already exists, e.g. Legal Med 23:21-29, 2016. Key messages are that test variables, projectile type (bullet, fragmentation), impact site on the body and intermediate layers (e.g. clothing, personal protective equipment (PPE)) can affect the resulting wound profiles.
出于大致相同的原因，明胶块被用于致死性和生存能力研究，即使用一种被认为代表人体（某些部分）的材料来比较弹药效果。明胶用于观察临时和永久性伤口形态；其中一些要素被认为能合理近似人体创伤情况。一组研究人员旨在提高射弹的致死性，另一组则旨在了解射弹对人体的影响以提高生存能力。使用明胶块的研究领域多种多样，包括弹药设计师、医学和法医学界以及弹道防护装备（包括防弹衣）设计师。本文旨在对明胶在创伤弹道学研究中的应用进行全面综述；并非要对已有的创伤弹道学进行详尽综述，例如《法医学杂志》23:21 - 29, 2016。关键信息是测试变量、射弹类型（子弹、破片）、身体上的撞击部位以及中间层（如衣物、个人防护装备（PPE））会影响最终的伤口形态。
