谁想在欧盟境内跨境就医？2007 年和 2014 年的欧洲晴雨表数据分析。

Who wants to cross borders in the EU for healthcare? An analysis of the Eurobarometer data in 2007 and 2014.

机构信息

Department of Health Economics, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. Padre Cruz, Lisboa, Portugal.

Public Health Research Center, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Av. Padre Cruz, Lisboa, Portugal.

出版信息

Eur J Public Health. 2018 Oct 1;28(5):879-884. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky071.

DOI:10.1093/eurpub/cky071

PMID:29697799

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The European Union (EU) Directive on Patients' Rights in Cross-border Healthcare clarified the entitlements to medical care in other EU Member states. However, little is known about whether EU citizens have been travelling or are willing to travel to receive care. This study aimed to measure the determinants of cross-border patient mobility and willingness to travel to receive medical care in the EU, before and after the adoption of the Directive.

METHODS

We used individual data from the Eurobarometer 210 (2007) and 425 (2014). In the 2 years, 53 439 EU citizens were randomly selected. We performed a logistic regression on the cross-border patient mobility and willingness to travel to other EU countries to use healthcare services as a function of the year (2007 or 2014), adjusting for age, gender, education and country size.

RESULTS

In 2007, 3.3% of citizens reported cross-border mobility and 4.6% in 2014. The odds of cross-border patients' mobility were 11% higher in 2014, compared with 2007 [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Also, mobility was 19% higher in males (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.08-1.30) and 20% higher amongst the more educated (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.31). However, the odds decreased 11% per decade of age (OR 0.89 per decade, 95% CI 0.85-0.93) and country size. In 2014, the willingness to travel decreased by 20% compared with 2007.

CONCLUSIONS

Cross-border patient mobility is more likely amongst the younger, the more educated and those from smaller countries. The directive does not seem to have promoted mobility at a large scale among the neediest citizens.

摘要

背景

欧盟（EU）关于跨境医疗保健中患者权利的指令明确了在其他欧盟成员国获得医疗保健的权利。然而，对于欧盟公民是否已经或愿意前往其他欧盟国家接受治疗，人们知之甚少。本研究旨在在指令通过之前和之后，测量欧盟跨境患者流动的决定因素和前往其他欧盟国家接受医疗服务的意愿。

方法

我们使用了来自 2007 年的 Eurobarometer 210 和 2014 年的 Eurobarometer 425 的个人数据。在这两年中，随机选择了 53439 名欧盟公民。我们根据年份（2007 年或 2014 年），将跨境患者流动和前往其他欧盟国家使用医疗服务的意愿作为函数，对跨境患者移动性和前往其他欧盟国家使用医疗服务的意愿进行逻辑回归分析，调整年龄、性别、教育程度和国家规模。

结果

2007 年，有 3.3%的公民报告了跨境流动，而 2014 年则为 4.6%。与 2007 年相比，2014 年跨境患者流动的可能性高 11%[优势比（OR）1.11，95%置信区间（CI）1.02-1.21]。此外，男性的流动率高出 19%（OR 1.19，95% CI 1.08-1.30），受教育程度较高的人的流动率高出 20%（OR 1.20，95% CI 1.09-1.31）。然而，每十年的年龄增加 11%（OR 每十年 0.89，95% CI 0.85-0.93）和国家规模减少 11%。与 2007 年相比，2014 年的出行意愿下降了 20%。