Schuster Swetlana, Lahiri Aditi
Faculty of Linguistics, Philology and Phonetics, University of Oxford.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2019 Jan;45(1):166-182. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000560. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
On the evidence of four lexical-decision tasks in German, we examine speakers' sensitivity to internal morphological composition and abstract morphological rules during the processing of derived words, real and novel. In a lexical-decision task with delayed priming, speakers were presented with two-step derived nouns such as Heilung "healing" derived from the adjective heil "intact" via the verb heilen "to heal." These were compared with two sets of derived novel words, one with and the other without an intermediate verb; for example, *Spitzung "sharpening" from spitz "sharp" via spitzen "sharpen" (Experiment 1) and *Hübschung "beautifying" from hübsch "pretty" via *hübschen "beautify" (Experiment 2). The question was whether there would be a difference between the two types of novel words. Both sets were morphologically viable in terms of combinatory possibilities. Results indicated that extant and novel complex words activated their respective base forms; that is, Heilung, *Spitzung, *Hübschung all primed heil, spitz, hübsch. Both sets of novel words were then combined in a third (delayed priming) experiment, where again they primed their bases, but were nevertheless significantly different from each other. Items with real words in the intermediate position (*Spitzung) showed stronger priming effects. Controls that were only related in form or semantics did not prime; neither did structurally unviable pseudowords show priming. A final experiment (Experiment 4), comparing the two types of novel words (*Spitzung vs. *Hübschung) in a simple lexical-decision task, also revealed significant differences across these sets, suggesting that the lexical status of the intermediate derivation affects the processing of novel forms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
基于四项德语词汇判断任务的证据，我们研究了说话者在处理派生词（包括真实的和新造的）时对内部形态构成和抽象形态规则的敏感度。在一项带有延迟启动的词汇判断任务中，向说话者呈现两步派生的名词，例如Heilung（“治愈”），它由形容词heil（“完好的”）通过动词heilen（“治愈”）派生而来。将这些词与两组新造的派生词进行比较，一组有中间动词，另一组没有；例如，Spitzung（“使变锋利”）由spitz（“锋利的”）通过spitzen（“使变锋利”）派生而来（实验1），以及Hübschung（“使变美丽”）由hübsch（“漂亮的”）通过*hübschen（“使变美丽”）派生而来（实验2）。问题在于这两种新造词之间是否会存在差异。就组合可能性而言，这两组词在形态上都是可行的。结果表明，现存的和新造的复合词都激活了它们各自的基础形式；也就是说，Heilung、*Spitzung、*Hübschung都启动了heil、spitz、hübsch。然后，这两组新造词在第三个（延迟启动）实验中合并，在该实验中它们再次启动了各自的基础形式，但彼此之间仍存在显著差异。中间位置有实词的项目（*Spitzung）显示出更强的启动效应。仅在形式或语义上相关的控制组没有启动；结构上不可行的伪词也没有显示出启动效应。最后一个实验（实验4），在一个简单的词汇判断任务中比较这两种新造词（Spitzung与Hübschung），也揭示了这两组词之间存在显著差异，这表明中间派生的词汇状态会影响新造形式的处理。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
