Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Maastricht University, 6229EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Computer Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
Neuropsychologia. 2019 May;128:325-331. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.019. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
The continuous flash suppression (CFS) paradigm is increasingly used to study unconscious visual perception. Our goal was to use CFS and to to compare the results with previous findings from patients with brain lesions, and studies of healthy participants. We used an emotion discrimination task and bilaterally presented whole-body postures expressing fear or anger, rendering the stimuli invisible in either one of the visual fields. We found that the CFS presentation did not yield the classical redundant target effect of response facilitation when the unconsciously seen stimuli had congruent emotions; instead we found a facilitation effect in reaction times by body stimuli of incongruent emotions, especially by the unconscious fearful body facilitating discrimination of conscious angry body. Our results with healthy participants showed similarities to hemianopia patients without blindsight, but not to blindsight or neglect patients, indicating that unconscious visual processing is not a single phenomenon, but is likely to involve multiple mechanisms, processes and brain regions. Further studies are necessary to validate the facilitation effect of fearful bodies on other tasks, and to study the neural substrates of this effect.
连续闪光抑制（CFS）范式越来越多地被用于研究无意识的视觉感知。我们的目标是使用 CFS，并将结果与以前的大脑损伤患者的研究以及健康参与者的研究进行比较。我们使用了情绪辨别任务，并在双侧呈现表达恐惧或愤怒的全身姿势，使得刺激在任一眼视觉场中都不可见。我们发现，当无意识地看到具有一致情绪的刺激时，CFS 呈现并没有产生反应促进的经典冗余目标效应；相反，我们发现身体刺激的不一致情绪在反应时间上产生了促进作用，尤其是无意识的恐惧身体促进了对有意识的愤怒身体的辨别。我们的健康参与者的结果与没有盲视的偏盲患者相似，但与盲视或忽视患者不同，这表明无意识的视觉处理不是单一现象，而是可能涉及多种机制、过程和大脑区域。有必要进一步研究以验证恐惧身体对其他任务的促进作用，并研究这种作用的神经基础。
