Gutiérrez José María, Rucavado Alexandra, Escalante Teresa, Herrera Cristina, Fernández Julián, Lomonte Bruno, Fox Jay W
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
Toxicon. 2018 Jun 15;148:123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.016. Epub 2018 Apr 23.
Snakebite envenoming by viperid species, and by some elapids, is characterized by a complex pattern of tissue damage at the anatomical site of venom injection. In severe cases, tissue destruction may be so extensive as to lead to permanent sequelae, with serious pathophysiological, social and psychological consequences. Significant advances have been performed in the study of venom-induced tissue damage, including identification and characterization of the toxins involved, insights into the mechanisms of action of venoms and toxins, and study of tissue responses to venom-induced injury. Nevertheless, much remains to be known and understood on the pathogenesis of these alterations. This review focuses on some of the pending issues in the topic of snake venom-induced local tissue damage. The traditional 'reductionist' approach, which has predominated in the study of snake venoms and their actions, needs to be complemented by more integrative and holistic perspectives aimed at capturing the complexity of these pathological alterations. Future advances in the study of these topics will certainly pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions, with the goal of reducing the impact of this aspect of snakebite envenoming.
蝰蛇科蛇类以及一些眼镜蛇科蛇类的蛇咬伤中毒，其特征是在毒液注入的解剖部位出现复杂的组织损伤模式。在严重情况下，组织破坏可能非常广泛，以至于导致永久性后遗症，产生严重的病理生理、社会和心理后果。在毒液诱导的组织损伤研究方面已经取得了重大进展，包括对所涉及毒素的鉴定和表征、对毒液和毒素作用机制的深入了解，以及对组织对毒液诱导损伤的反应的研究。然而，关于这些改变的发病机制仍有许多有待了解和认识的地方。本综述重点关注蛇毒诱导局部组织损伤这一主题中的一些悬而未决的问题。在蛇毒及其作用的研究中占主导地位的传统“还原论”方法，需要以更综合和整体的观点加以补充，以把握这些病理改变的复杂性。这些主题研究的未来进展必将为创新治疗干预铺平道路，目标是减少蛇咬伤中毒这一方面的影响。
