Tong Y, Jiang Z Q, Zhang Y X, Jia J L, Lu W, Wang J, Tang H J, Zhang M, Guo X N, Li T, Jiang H Y, Yu W L, Lou J L
Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310013 China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2018 Feb 20;36(2):115-118. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2018.02.009.
To analyze the mental health status and its impact factors among nurses, finding ways to improve the mental health of nurses. A total of 13 425 female healthcare workers aged from 18 to 65 were selected as study objects. The survey was conducted with unified design questionnaire. The survey included the basic situation of the individuals and SCL-90 questionnaire. Comparing the female doctors, the mental health status and its impact factors of nurses were analyzed. The income, age, education and occupation, which include shift work, heavy work load and overtime work are different between nurses and doctors. The main mental health problems of nurses were obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depressive symptoms and somatization. The results of univariate analysis indicated that shift work, overtime work, and heavy work load affected the positive rate of each factor. The results of multivariate analysis showed that occupation, shift work, overtime work, and heavy work load have significant adverse effects on the positive rate of the total score in female healthcare workers (<0.01) . The positive rate of each dimension of SCL-90 in nurses is significantly higher than that of doctors. The mental health problems of nurses are significantly higher than doctors. The main reasons are low occupational level and adverse workstyles which include shift work, heavy workload and so on. Health administration and hospital management departments should pay much more attention to the mental health of nurses, improving their mental health through a variety of ways.
分析护士的心理健康状况及其影响因素，探寻改善护士心理健康的方法。选取13425名年龄在18至65岁之间的女性医护人员作为研究对象。采用统一设计的问卷进行调查。调查内容包括个人基本情况和SCL-90问卷。对比女医生，分析护士的心理健康状况及其影响因素。护士和医生在收入、年龄、学历和职业方面存在差异，其中职业包括轮班工作、工作量大以及加班工作。护士主要的心理健康问题为强迫症状、抑郁症状和躯体化症状。单因素分析结果表明，轮班工作、加班工作和工作量大会影响各因素的阳性率。多因素分析结果显示，职业、轮班工作、加班工作和工作量大对女性医护人员总分阳性率有显著不利影响（<0.01）。护士SCL-90各维度的阳性率显著高于医生。护士的心理健康问题显著高于医生。主要原因是职业地位低以及包括轮班工作、工作量大等不良工作方式。卫生行政部门和医院管理部门应更加关注护士的心理健康，通过多种方式改善他们的心理健康。
