Li P, Shang Y, Liu Y J, Chang X L, Yao H Y, Liang A M, Qi K M
Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China.
Chaoyang District Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center, Child Healthcare Department, Beijing 100000, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2018 Apr 10;39(4):449-454. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.04.012.
To investigate the effects of docosahexenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on infant's growth and BMI during pregnancy. A total of 1 516 healthy pregnant women delivered their babies in two maternal and child health care hospitals in Beijing and were chosen as the subjects in this cohort study from May to October 2015. Self-developed questionnaires were used to gather general information of the subjects, including age, height, weight, weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, DHA supplementation ., before giving birth. Information on body length, weight, head circumference and BMI at birth and 6 months postnatal, of the infants were recorded. Breast milk was collected to test the fatty acid profiles by using the gas chromatography (GC) method at one to three months postnatally. The overall rate of DHA supplementation was 47.76% among the pregnant women, in which introduction of DHA from the early and second stage of the pregnancy accounted for 49.31% and 39.64% respectively. When DHA supplementation began from the early pregnant stage, the DHA concentration showed an increase in the milk (<0.05), whereas the supplementation began from the second and third stages did not affect the milk DHA concentration (>0.05). Higher height and lower BMI were seen in the infants at birth and 6 months in the supplementation group when comparing to the non-supplementary group (<0.05), with the greatest effects noticed in the earliest supplementation group. Specifically, the head circumference appeared larger from the early pregnant stage in the DHA supplementary group, than that in the non-supplement group (=0.001). The increment of head circumference was larger than that in the other groups when the infants were 6-month old (<0.01). Results from the partial regression analysis showed that during pregnancy, there were positive correlations between DHA supplementation and height (=0.324, =0.216), head circumference (=0.221, =0.302) as well as the increment of head circumference (=0.276) at birth and 6 months (<0.05). Whereas, a negative correlation was shown between DHA and the infants' BMI (=-0.310, =-0.371) (<0.05) when supplementation was given during maternal pregnancy. When DHA supplementation program was carried out during maternal pregnancy, it could increase the height and head circumference and inhibit the rapid increase of BMI in the infants BMI. Our findings seemed helpful in promoting brain development and preventing the childhood obesity.
为研究孕期补充二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）对婴儿生长及体重指数（BMI）的影响。2015年5月至10月，共有1516名健康孕妇在北京两家妇幼保健院分娩，并被选为该队列研究的对象。使用自行编制的问卷收集研究对象的一般信息，包括年龄、身高、体重、孕期体重增加、分娩方式、产前DHA补充情况等。记录婴儿出生时及出生后6个月的身长、体重、头围和BMI。产后1至3个月收集母乳，采用气相色谱（GC）法检测脂肪酸谱。孕妇中DHA补充的总体比例为47.76%，其中孕早期和孕中期开始补充DHA的分别占49.31%和39.64%。孕早期开始补充DHA时，母乳中DHA浓度升高（P<0.05），而孕中期和孕晚期开始补充则不影响母乳DHA浓度（P>0.05）。与未补充组相比，补充组婴儿出生时及6个月时身高较高、BMI较低（P<0.05），最早补充组效果最明显。具体而言，DHA补充组孕早期头围就大于未补充组（P=0.001）。婴儿6个月时，补充组头围增加值大于其他组（P<0.01）。偏回归分析结果显示，孕期补充DHA与出生时及6个月时的身高（P=0.324，P=0.216）、头围（P=0.221，P=0.302）以及头围增加值（P=0.276）呈正相关（P<0.05）。而孕期补充DHA时，DHA与婴儿BMI呈负相关（P=-0.310，P=-0.371）（P<0.05）。孕期实施DHA补充方案可增加婴儿身高和头围，并抑制婴儿BMI的快速增长。我们的研究结果似乎有助于促进大脑发育和预防儿童肥胖。
