Takahashi Masashi
National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region Suya 2421 861-1192 Koshi Kumamoto Japan.
Reprod Med Biol. 2011 Aug 13;11(1):37-47. doi: 10.1007/s12522-011-0105-6. eCollection 2012 Jan.
In most mammalian species including cattle, heat stress has deleterious effects on nutritional, physiological and reproductive functions. Exposure of animals to a hot environment causes an increase in body temperature in mammals, including domestic animals. High ambient temperature also causes a decrease in the length and intensity of estrus by disturbing ovarian function as well as decreasing pregnancy rate after artificial insemination. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress on reproductive function in order to improve the production of domestic animals. Heat stress decreases appetite, weight gain, and milk yield in dairy cattle. It also adversely affects the reproductive performance of both sexes. In males, it reduces spermatogenic activity, while in females it adversely impacts oogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization development and implantation rate. Detection and evaluation of the deteriorating effects of heat stress on reproductive organs and cells can help to design measures to prevent them and improve reproductive functions. In this review, we discuss the impacts of heat stress on reproductive functions.
在包括牛在内的大多数哺乳动物物种中，热应激对营养、生理和生殖功能都有有害影响。使动物暴露在炎热环境中会导致哺乳动物（包括家畜）体温升高。高环境温度还会通过干扰卵巢功能以及降低人工授精后的妊娠率，导致发情期的长度和强度缩短。因此，了解热应激对生殖功能的影响对于提高家畜产量很重要。热应激会降低奶牛的食欲、体重增加和产奶量。它还会对两性的生殖性能产生不利影响。在雄性中，它会降低生精活性，而在雌性中，它会对卵子发生、卵母细胞成熟、受精发育和着床率产生不利影响。检测和评估热应激对生殖器官和细胞的恶化影响有助于设计预防措施并改善生殖功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了热应激对生殖功能的影响。
