Takeda Kumiko
NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science National Agriculture and Food Research Organization 2 Ikenodai 305-0901 Tsukuba Japan.
Reprod Med Biol. 2013 Jan 10;12(2):47-55. doi: 10.1007/s12522-012-0142-9. eCollection 2013 Apr.
Although somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a powerful tool for production of cloned animals, SCNT embryos generally have low developmental competency and many abnormalities. The interaction between the donor nucleus and the enucleated ooplasm plays an important role in early embryonic development, but the underlying mechanisms that negatively impact developmental competency remain unclear. Mitochondria have a broad range of critical functions in cellular energy supply, cell signaling, and programmed cell death; thus, affect embryonic and fetal development. This review focuses on mitochondrial considerations influencing SCNT techniques in farm animals. Donor somatic cell mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be transmitted through what has been considered a "bottleneck" in mitochondrial genetics via the SCNT maternal lineage. This indicates that donor somatic cell mitochondria have a role in the reconstructed cytoplasm. However, foreign somatic cell mitochondria may affect the early development of SCNT embryos. Nuclear-mitochondrial interactions in interspecies/intergeneric SCNT (iSCNT) result in severe problems. A major biological selective pressure exists against survival of exogenous mtDNA in iSCNT. Yet, mtDNA differences in SCNT animals did not reflect transfer of proteomic components following proteomic analysis. Further study of nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions is needed to illuminate key developmental characteristics of SCNT animals associated with mitochondrial biology.
尽管体细胞核移植（SCNT）是生产克隆动物的一种强大工具，但SCNT胚胎通常发育能力较低且存在许多异常。供体细胞核与去核卵细胞质之间的相互作用在早期胚胎发育中起着重要作用，但对发育能力产生负面影响的潜在机制仍不清楚。线粒体在细胞能量供应、细胞信号传导和程序性细胞死亡中具有广泛的关键功能，因此会影响胚胎和胎儿发育。本综述重点关注影响家畜SCNT技术的线粒体相关因素。供体体细胞线粒体DNA（mtDNA）可通过SCNT母系遗传，经线粒体遗传学中所谓的“瓶颈”进行传递。这表明供体体细胞线粒体在重构细胞质中发挥作用。然而，外来体细胞线粒体可能会影响SCNT胚胎的早期发育。种间/属间体细胞核移植（iSCNT）中的核-线粒体相互作用会导致严重问题。iSCNT中外源mtDNA的存活面临主要的生物选择压力。然而，SCNT动物的mtDNA差异在蛋白质组学分析后并未反映出蛋白质组成分的转移。需要进一步研究核质相互作用，以阐明与线粒体生物学相关的SCNT动物的关键发育特征。
