Aliri Jone, Muela Alexander, Gorostiaga Arantxa, Balluerka Nekane, Aritzeta Aitor, Soroa Goretti
Department of Social Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Psychol Rep. 2019 Jun;122(3):789-808. doi: 10.1177/0033294118771970. Epub 2018 Apr 26.
The occurrence of stressful life events is a risk factor for psychopathology in adolescence. Depression is a problem of notable clinical importance that has a negative psychosocial impact on adolescents and which has considerable social, educational, and economic costs. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptomatology in adolescence, taking into account the effect that attachment representations may have on this relation. Participants were 1653 adolescents (951 girls) aged between 13 and 18 years. The sample was selected by means of a random sampling procedure based on the availability of schools to participate. Data were collected at two time points: attachment and stressful life events were assessed first, and symptoms of depression were evaluated eight to nine months later. Two time points were used in order to better analyze the mediating role of attachment security. Stressful life events were recorded using the Inventory of Stressful Life Events, attachment was evaluated by the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (mother, father, and peer versions), and depressive symptomatology was assessed through the Children's Depression Scale. In all cases, the Basque version of these scales was used. The results indicated that attachment to parents was a mediating variable in the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptomatology. Contrary to what we expected, the results indicate that stressful life events did not have a negative effect on peer attachment, and neither did the latter variable act as a mediator of the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. It can be concluded that attachment-based interventions may be especially useful for reducing depression symptoms among adolescents. The findings also suggest a role for interventions that target parent-child attachment relationships.
生活应激事件的发生是青少年精神病理学的一个风险因素。抑郁症是一个具有显著临床重要性的问题，它对青少年有负面的心理社会影响，并且带来相当大的社会、教育和经济成本。本研究的目的是考察青少年生活应激事件与抑郁症状之间的关系，同时考虑依恋表征可能对这种关系产生的影响。参与者为1653名年龄在13至18岁之间的青少年（951名女孩）。样本是通过基于学校参与意愿的随机抽样程序选取的。数据在两个时间点收集：首先评估依恋和生活应激事件，八到九个月后评估抑郁症状。使用两个时间点是为了更好地分析依恋安全性的中介作用。生活应激事件通过生活应激事件量表记录，依恋通过父母与同伴依恋量表（母亲、父亲和同伴版本）评估，抑郁症状通过儿童抑郁量表进行评估。所有情况下均使用这些量表的巴斯克语版本。结果表明，对父母的依恋是生活应激事件与抑郁症状之间关系的一个中介变量。与我们的预期相反，结果表明生活应激事件对同伴依恋没有负面影响，而且后一个变量也没有充当生活应激事件与抑郁症状之间关系的中介。可以得出结论，基于依恋的干预措施可能对减轻青少年的抑郁症状特别有用。研究结果还表明针对亲子依恋关系的干预措施具有一定作用。
