College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Vaccine. 2018 Jun 18;36(26):3853-3860. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.005. Epub 2018 Apr 24.
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important viral cause of reproductive disease, immune suppression and clinical disease in cattle. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive protection in cattle against the impacts of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) provided by three different multivalent vaccines containing inactivated BVDV. BVDV negative beef heifers and cows (n = 122) were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Groups A-C (n = 34/group) received two pre-breeding doses of one of three commercially available multivalent vaccines containing inactivated fractions of BVDV 1 and BVDV 2, and Group D (n = 20) served as negative control and received two doses of saline prior to breeding. Animals were bred, and following pregnancy diagnosis, 110 cattle [Group A (n = 31); Group B (n = 32); Group C (n = 31); Group D (n = 16)] were subjected to a 28-day exposure to cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV (1a, 1b and 2a). Of the 110 pregnancies, 6 pregnancies resulted in fetal resorption with no material for testing. From the resultant 104 pregnancies, BVDV transplacental infections were demonstrated in 73 pregnancies. The BVDV fetal infection rate (FI) was calculated at 13/30 (43%) for Group A cows, 27/29 (93%) for Group B cows, 18/30 (60%) for Group C cows, and 15/15 (100%) for Group D cows. Statistical differences were observed between groups with respect to post-vaccination antibody titers, presence and duration of viremia in pregnant cattle, and fetal infection rates in offspring from BVDV-exposed cows. Group A vaccination resulted in significant protection against BVDV infection as compared to all other groups based upon outcome measurements, while Group B vaccination did not differ in protection against BVDV infection from control Group D. Ability of inactivated BVDV vaccines to provide protection against BVDV fetal infection varies significantly among commercially available products; however, in this challenge model, the inactivated vaccines provided unacceptable levels of BVDV FI protection.
牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是一种重要的病毒病原体，可导致牛的生殖疾病、免疫抑制和临床疾病。本研究的目的是比较三种不同的含灭活 BVDV 的多价疫苗对牛的生殖保护作用，以评估其对 BVDV 的影响。选取无 BVDV 的肉牛和奶牛（n=122），随机分为四组。A-C 组（n=34/组）分别接受三种市售多价疫苗中的两种预配种剂量，其中含有灭活的 BVDV 1 和 BVDV 2 株；D 组（n=20）作为阴性对照组，在配种前接受两次生理盐水注射。所有动物配种后，妊娠诊断后，110 头奶牛（A 组 n=31；B 组 n=32；C 组 n=31；D 组 n=16）接受了为期 28 天的与持续感染 BVDV（1a、1b 和 2a）的牛接触。110 例妊娠中，6 例发生胎儿吸收，无检测材料。从剩余的 104 例妊娠中，73 例显示 BVDV 通过胎盘感染。计算 BVDV 胎儿感染率（FI）为 A 组奶牛 13/30（43%）、B 组奶牛 27/29（93%）、C 组奶牛 18/30（60%）和 D 组奶牛 15/15（100%）。各组间疫苗接种后抗体滴度、妊娠牛病毒血症的存在和持续时间以及 BVDV 暴露牛后代的胎儿感染率存在统计学差异。与其他组相比，A 组疫苗接种对 BVDV 感染的保护作用显著，而 B 组疫苗接种在预防 BVDV 感染方面与对照组 D 无差异。商品化的灭活 BVDV 疫苗在预防 BVDV 胎儿感染方面的保护作用差异显著，但在本试验模型中，灭活疫苗对 BVDV FI 的保护作用无法接受。
