Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2018;175:47-69. doi: 10.1007/112_2018_9.
The weakness of the BCG vaccine and its highly variable protective efficacy in controlling tuberculosis (TB) in different age groups as well as in different geographic areas has led to intense efforts towards the development and design of novel vaccines. Currently, there are several strategies to develop novel TB vaccines. Each strategy has its advantages and disadvantages. However, the most important of these strategies is the development of subunit vaccines. In recent years, the use of cationic liposome-based vaccines has been considered due to their capacity to elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses against TB infections. In this review, we aim to evaluate the potential for cationic liposomes to be used as adjuvants/delivery systems for eliciting immune responses against TB subunit vaccines. The present review shows that cationic liposomes have extensive applications either as adjuvants or delivery systems, to promote immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) subunit vaccines. To overcome several limitations of these particles, they were used in combination with other immunostimulatory factors such as TDB, MPL, TDM, and Poly I:C. Cationic liposomes can provide long-term storage of subunit TB vaccines at the injection site, confer strong electrostatic interactions with APCs, potentiate both humoral and cellular (CD4 and CD8) immune responses, and induce a strong memory response by the immune system. Therefore, cationic liposomes can increase the potential of different TB subunit vaccines by serving as adjuvants/delivery systems. These properties suggest the use of cationic liposomes to produce an efficient vaccine against TB infections.
BCG 疫苗的弱点及其在控制不同年龄组和不同地理区域的结核病（TB）方面的高度可变保护效力，促使人们努力开发和设计新型疫苗。目前，有几种策略可用于开发新型 TB 疫苗。每种策略都有其优缺点。然而，其中最重要的策略是开发亚单位疫苗。近年来，由于阳离子脂质体能够引发针对 TB 感染的强烈体液和细胞免疫反应，因此考虑使用基于阳离子脂质体的疫苗。在这篇综述中，我们旨在评估阳离子脂质体作为引发针对 TB 亚单位疫苗的免疫反应的佐剂/递送系统的潜力。本综述表明，阳离子脂质体具有广泛的应用，无论是作为佐剂还是递送系统，均可促进针对结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）亚单位疫苗的免疫反应。为了克服这些颗粒的几个局限性，它们与其他免疫刺激因子（如 TDB、MPL、TDM 和 Poly I:C）联合使用。阳离子脂质体可以在注射部位提供 TB 亚单位疫苗的长期储存，与 APC 产生强静电相互作用，增强体液和细胞（CD4 和 CD8）免疫反应，并通过免疫系统诱导强烈的记忆反应。因此，阳离子脂质体可通过充当佐剂/递送系统来提高不同 TB 亚单位疫苗的潜力。这些特性表明使用阳离子脂质体来生产针对 TB 感染的有效疫苗。
