Zhang Jun Yu, Lv Shan, Niu Hui Min, Lei An Min
College of Veterinary Medicine ,Shaanxi Center of Stem Cell Engineering &Technology , Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100, China.
Yi Chuan. 2018 Apr 20;40(4):279-291. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.17-195.
The mammalian oocyte maturation process consists of two consecutive asymmetric divisions, and produces three daughter cells of vastly different sizes: one larger egg cell and two smaller polar bodies. Asymmetric division is a typical feature of mammalian oocyte meiosis that results in a highly polar egg cell. The mitosis of the cell after fertilization exhibits restored symmetric division, but the polarity characteristics formed during meiosis of oocytes are preserved and affect the polarity of early embryos. In this review, we summarize the research progress on asymmetric division of mammalian oocytes in recent years, and mainly focus on the asymmetric division of cytoplasmic and the asymmetric division of nucleus, including the functions of chromosome and cytoskeleton in asymmetric division of mammalian oocytes, the redistribution of cytoplasmic organelles occurring in oocyte maturation, and chromosome nonrandom separation. We aim to demonstrate the main mechanism of asymmetry division in mammalian oocytes from both cellular and molecular levels.
哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟过程由两个连续的不对称分裂组成，并产生三个大小差异极大的子细胞：一个较大的卵细胞和两个较小的极体。不对称分裂是哺乳动物卵母细胞减数分裂的典型特征，导致产生高度极化的卵细胞。受精后细胞的有丝分裂表现出恢复的对称分裂，但卵母细胞减数分裂过程中形成的极性特征得以保留并影响早期胚胎的极性。在本综述中，我们总结了近年来哺乳动物卵母细胞不对称分裂的研究进展，主要聚焦于细胞质的不对称分裂和细胞核的不对称分裂，包括染色体和细胞骨架在哺乳动物卵母细胞不对称分裂中的作用、卵母细胞成熟过程中细胞质细胞器的重新分布以及染色体的非随机分离。我们旨在从细胞和分子水平阐明哺乳动物卵母细胞不对称分裂的主要机制。
