1Harvard Humanitarian Initiative,Harvard University and Harvard T.C. Chan School of Public Health,Cambridge,Massachusetts.
2Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,Washington,District of Columbia.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019 Apr;13(2):109-115. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2018.41. Epub 2018 Apr 30.
Since 1945, the reason for humanitarian crises and the way in which the world responds to them has dramatically changed every 10 to 15 years or less. Planning, response, and recovery for these tragic events have often been ad hoc, inconsistent, and insufficient, largely because of the complexity of global humanitarian demands and their corresponding response system capabilities. This historical perspective chronicles the transformation of war and armed conflicts from the Cold War to today, emphasizing the impact these events have had on humanitarian professionals and their struggle to adapt to increasing humanitarian, operational, and political challenges. An unprecedented independent United Nations-World Health Organization decision in the Battle for Mosul in Iraq to deploy to combat zones emergency medical teams unprepared in the skills of decades-tested war and armed conflict preparation and response afforded to health care providers and dictated by International Humanitarian Law and Geneva Convention protections has abruptly challenged future decision-making and deployments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:109-115).
自 1945 年以来，人道主义危机的原因以及世界应对危机的方式每 10 到 15 年甚至更短的时间就会发生巨大变化。这些悲惨事件的规划、应对和恢复往往是临时性的、不一致的和不足的，主要是因为全球人道主义需求的复杂性及其相应的应对系统能力。从历史的角度来看，这场战争和武装冲突从冷战到今天的转变，强调了这些事件对人道主义专业人员的影响，以及他们为适应不断增加的人道主义、业务和政治挑战而进行的斗争。在伊拉克摩苏尔战役中，联合国-世界卫生组织做出了一项前所未有的独立决定，派遣紧急医疗队进入战斗区，这些医疗队在技能方面毫无准备，无法应对几十年久经考验的战争和武装冲突准备和应对，这是由国际人道法和日内瓦公约保护所规定的，这一决定突然对未来的决策和部署提出了挑战。（灾难医学与公共卫生准备。2019 年；13:109-115）。
