Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 May;57(5):300-301. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.02.008.
Psychiatric disorders affect a large number of children around the world. Recent data have reported that approximately 10% to 13% of children have a serious emotional disturbance with significant functional impairment, suggesting that at least 1 in 10 children require mental health services. Approximately half the adults with mental illness received their diagnosis before 15 years of age and close to three fourths of mental health disorders start by the mid-20s. Mental illnesses are associated with a large disease burden because these conditions lead to increases in morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. For example, in high-income countries such as the United States, 3 of the leading illnesses associated with pediatric disease burden are psychiatric (depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia) and psychiatric illness in children and adolescents is a key risk factor for completed suicide. In the United States, suicide is the second leading cause of death in people 15 to 24 years of age, with rural areas having particularly high suicide rates. What is even more disconcerting is the fact that most youngsters who might benefit from psychiatric or behavioral health treatment do not receive it. For example, only 45% of adolescents with mental illness received psychiatric services in 2013. This number is even smaller for children and adolescents with internalizing disorders and for minorities..
精神障碍影响着全世界大量的儿童。最近的数据报告称，大约 10%至 13%的儿童存在严重的情绪障碍，导致其功能严重受损，这表明至少每 10 名儿童中就有 1 名需要精神卫生服务。大约一半的成年精神疾病患者在 15 岁之前就得到了诊断，近四分之三的精神疾病在 20 多岁时开始出现。精神疾病与巨大的疾病负担有关，因为这些疾病会导致发病率、死亡率和经济成本增加。例如，在美国等高收入国家，与儿科疾病负担相关的主要疾病中有 3 种是精神疾病（抑郁症、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症），儿童和青少年的精神疾病是自杀完成的一个关键风险因素。在美国，自杀是 15 至 24 岁人群的第二大死因，农村地区的自杀率尤其高。更令人不安的是，大多数可能受益于精神或行为健康治疗的年轻人并没有得到治疗。例如，2013 年只有 45%的患有精神疾病的青少年接受了精神科服务。对于患有内化障碍的儿童和青少年以及少数民族来说，这个数字更小。
