Karam-Gemael Manoela, Izzo Thiago Junqueira, Chagas Amazonas
Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, s/n, CEP: 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil.
Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, s/n, CEP: 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil.
Zookeys. 2018 Mar 7(741):255-269. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.741.21971. eCollection 2018.
The biodiversity crisis we live in, marked by high extinction rates, requires well-planned conservation efforts. To overcome this issue, red lists of threatened species are recognized as the main objective approach for evaluating the conservation status of species and therefore guiding conservation priorities. This work focuses on the Myriapoda (Chilopoda and Diplopoda) species listed in the Brazilian red list of fauna to enable discussion of the practical implications of red lists for conservation. Almost all myriapods assessed are endemic to Brazil (99 %) and 73 % are known from subterranean habitats only. Despite of 33 % being recorded from protected areas (PAs), downgrading, degazettement or downsizing of PAs and intense and unregulated ecotourism represent great threats. The PAs network in Brazil tends to fail in conserving myriapod species. The number of data deficient species (42 %) states the need of investing in ecological and taxonomic studies about the group, in order to fill in important knowledge gaps in species assessments nationally and globally. In this work we show that there is a lack of communication between national and global agencies concerning red lists, which results in a significant loss for science and for conservation. Despite investing in national and state red lists, individual countries must take the final step of submitting its data to IUCN global database, as significant international funding is available for IUCN red listed species conservation. Being one of the most diverse countries in the world, and facing the biggest cuts ever on national science funding, losing these important funding opportunities is a huge loss for Brazilian biodiversity conservation and for science. This study raises awareness on subterranean habitats conservation, due to its high endemism and fragility. Since the first edition of the Brazilian Red List in 1968, centipedes are now included for the first time, and millipedes for the second time. The presence of these myriapods in the list brings attention to the group, which usually receives little or no attention in conservation programs and environmental impact assessments. Rather than a specific case for Myriapoda and for Brazil, the points discussed here can be related to arthropods and the tropics, as the most biodiverse countries are emerging economies facing similar challenges in PAs network management, species extinction risks and science funding.
我们所处的生物多样性危机，以高灭绝率为特征，需要精心规划的保护措施。为克服这一问题，受威胁物种红色名录被视为评估物种保护状况并据此指导保护优先事项的主要客观方法。这项工作聚焦于巴西动物红色名录中列出的多足纲（唇足纲和倍足纲）物种，以便讨论红色名录对保护工作的实际影响。几乎所有被评估的多足纲动物都是巴西特有的（99%），且73%仅见于地下栖息地。尽管33%的物种记录于保护区，但保护区的降级、撤销或缩小以及无节制的生态旅游构成了巨大威胁。巴西的保护区网络在保护多足纲物种方面往往成效不佳。数据缺乏物种的数量（42%）表明有必要投入力量开展关于该类群的生态学和分类学研究，以填补国家和全球物种评估中的重要知识空白。在这项工作中，我们表明国家和全球机构之间在红色名录方面缺乏沟通，这给科学和保护工作造成了重大损失。尽管各国在编制国家和州红色名录方面投入了力量，但个别国家必须迈出最后一步，将其数据提交给世界自然保护联盟全球数据库，因为有大量国际资金可用于世界自然保护联盟红色名录所列物种的保护。作为世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一，并面临着有史以来最大幅度的国家科学资金削减，失去这些重要的资金机会对巴西生物多样性保护和科学来说都是巨大损失。这项研究提高了人们对地下栖息地保护的认识，因为其特有性高且脆弱。自1968年巴西红色名录第一版以来，蜈蚣首次被列入，千足虫是第二次被列入。这些多足纲动物在名录中的出现引起了人们对该类群的关注，而该类群在保护计划和环境影响评估中通常很少或根本没有受到关注。这里讨论的要点并非多足纲和巴西的特定情况，而是与节肢动物和热带地区相关，因为生物多样性最丰富的国家都是新兴经济体，在保护区网络管理、物种灭绝风险和科学资金方面面临类似挑战。
