Weigert Alexander, Hoppe Bernd
Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Bonn, Germany.
Front Pediatr. 2018 Apr 12;6:98. doi: 10.3389/fped.2018.00098. eCollection 2018.
Nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis (NC) have become common causes of hospitalization and referral to pediatric outpatient clinics. It is of utmost importance to start with diagnostic evaluation directly after the first passage of a kidney stone, or if NC is diagnosed, in each pediatric patient. This is necessary, as in about 80% of children a metabolic reason for stone disease is detected. Current treatment options are scarce and mainly include general measures like an increased fluid intake or elevating the solubility of a lithogenic substance. According to the given lithogenic risk factor(s), specific treatment options are available and are being summarized in this review. Furthermore, an outlook on potential future treatment options, including innovative strategies such as mRNA-based or recombinant enzyme substitution therapy, is given.
肾结石、尿路结石和肾钙质沉着症（NC）已成为住院治疗以及转诊至儿科门诊的常见原因。对于每一位儿科患者，在首次排出肾结石后，或者如果被诊断为NC，直接开始进行诊断评估至关重要。这是必要的，因为在大约80%的儿童中可检测到结石病的代谢原因。目前的治疗选择有限，主要包括增加液体摄入量或提高致石物质溶解度等一般措施。根据给定的致石风险因素，有特定的治疗选择，本文将对其进行总结。此外，还展望了潜在的未来治疗选择，包括基于mRNA或重组酶替代疗法等创新策略。
