Naif Hassan M, Al-Obaide Mohammed A I, Hassani Hayfa H, Hamdan Abdualghani S, Kalaf Zainab S
Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States.
Front Public Health. 2018 Apr 11;6:96. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00096. eCollection 2018.
gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking are among several risk factors for various types of cancers, but their influence on breast cancer remains controversial. We analyzed the possible association of gene polymorphisms and tobacco smoking-related breast cancer in women from Iraq.
In this case-control study, gene polymorphism of gene (, T6235C and , A4889G) of 199 histologically verified breast cancer patients' and 160 cancer-free control women's specimens were performed by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Three genotype frequencies (TT, TC, and CC) of appeared in 16.1, 29.6, and 54.3% of women with breast cancer, respectively, compared with 41.2, 40, and 18.8% in the control group, respectively. CC genotype and C allele were significantly associated with increased risks for breast cancer in patients (54.3 and 69%, respectively) compared with controls (18.8 and 39%, respectively). While the three genotype frequencies (AA, AG, and GG) of were detected in 20.1, 31.2, and 48.7% in patients compared with 46.3, 40.6, and 13.1% in controls, respectively. The frequency of GG genotypes and G allele was significantly higher in patients (48.7 and 64%, respectively) than in the controls (13.1 and 33%, respectively). Smoking women having either CC or GG genotypes showed a highly significant association with increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 1.607, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.64, = 0.0001, and OR, 1.841, 95% CI, 0.88-1.67, = 0.0001, respectively]. On the other hand, the T and A alleles of predominantly seen in healthy smoking women (83 and 85%, = 0.0001, respectively).
These findings indicated that both C and G alleles of and were significantly associated with elevated risk of breast cancer in Iraqi women, while the T and A alleles were predominantly seen in healthy controls which may indicate their protective role. The C and G association with breast cancer incidence was more prevalent among tobacco smoking patients. These polymorphisms may be used as biomarkers of breast cancer in women from Iraq.
基因多态性和吸烟是多种癌症的若干风险因素，但它们对乳腺癌的影响仍存在争议。我们分析了伊拉克女性中基因多态性与吸烟相关乳腺癌之间的可能关联。
在这项病例对照研究中，采用基于聚合酶链反应的限制性片段长度多态性方法，对199例经组织学证实的乳腺癌患者和160例无癌对照女性的样本进行了基因（，T6235C和，A4889G）的基因多态性检测。
乳腺癌女性中出现的三种基因型频率（TT、TC和CC）分别为16.1%、29.6%和54.3%，而对照组分别为41.2%、40%和18.8%。与对照组（分别为18.8%和39%）相比，患者中CC基因型和C等位基因与乳腺癌风险增加显著相关（分别为54.3%和69%）。而患者中三种基因型频率（AA、AG和GG）分别为20.1%、31.2%和48.7%，对照组分别为46.3%、40.6%和13.1%。患者中GG基因型和G等位基因的频率显著高于对照组（分别为48.7%和64%）和（分别为13.1%和33%）。具有CC或GG基因型的吸烟女性与乳腺癌风险增加高度显著相关[优势比（OR）=1.607，95%置信区间（CI）0.91 - 1.64，=0.0001，以及OR，1.841，95%CI，0.88 - 1.67，=0.0001，分别]。另一方面，T和A等位基因主要见于健康吸烟女性（分别为83%和85%，=0.0001）。
这些发现表明，和的C和G等位基因均与伊拉克女性乳腺癌风险升高显著相关，而T和A等位基因主要见于健康对照组，这可能表明它们具有保护作用。C和G与乳腺癌发病率的关联在吸烟患者中更为普遍。这些多态性可作为伊拉克女性乳腺癌的生物标志物。
