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小型后生动物(以线虫为例)的风力扩散程度。

The extent of wind-mediated dispersal of small metazoans, focusing nematodes.

机构信息

Animal Ecology, Bielefeld University, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2018 May 1;8(1):6814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-24747-8.

Abstract

Wind-mediated transport is an important mechanism in the dispersal of small metazoans. Yet, concrete dispersal rates have hardly been examined. Here we present the results of an one-year field experiment investigating the composition and dispersal rates of aeroplankton. To gain insights into the dynamics of dispersal at the species level, we focused on nematodes, worldwide the most common metazoan taxon. Among the six taxa collected in this study (nematodes, rotifers, collembolans, tardigrades, mites, and thrips), nematodes had the highest dispersal rates (up to >3000 individuals m in 4 weeks, 27 species identified) and represented >44% of aeroplankton. Only living nematodes, and no propagules, were dispersed. All taxa had a higher dispersal potential in environments linked to the source habitat, evidenced by the much higher deposition of organisms in funnels placed on the ground than on the rooftop of a ten-story building. Nematodes under conditions of high humidity and wind speed had the highest dispersal rates, while increasing temperatures and dryness had a significantly positive impact on the wind drift of mites and thrips. The results indicated that wind dispersal over long distances is possible. The notable organismal input by wind dispersal may contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

摘要

风介导的运输是小型后生动物扩散的重要机制。然而,具体的扩散率几乎没有被研究过。在这里,我们介绍了一项为期一年的现场实验的结果,该实验调查了气载浮游生物的组成和扩散率。为了深入了解物种水平上扩散的动态,我们专注于线虫,这是全世界最常见的后生动物类群。在本研究中收集的六个类群中(线虫、轮虫、弹尾目、缓步动物、螨虫和蓟马),线虫的扩散率最高(在 4 周内高达>3000 个个体 m,鉴定出 27 个种),占气载浮游生物的>44%。只有活体线虫,而没有繁殖体被扩散。所有类群在与源生境相关的环境中都具有更高的扩散潜力,这一点从放在地上的漏斗中沉积的生物比放在十层楼高的建筑物屋顶上的漏斗中沉积的生物要多得多这一事实就可以证明。在高湿度和风速条件下的线虫具有最高的扩散率,而温度升高和干燥度对线虫和蓟马的风漂移有显著的积极影响。结果表明,长距离的风扩散是可能的。风扩散带来的显著的生物输入可能有助于生物多样性和生态系统功能。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/dac7/5931521/7860c4158633/41598_2018_24747_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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