Chazot Nicolas, De-Silva Donna Lisa, Willmott Keith R, Freitas André V L, Lamas Gerardo, Mallet James, Giraldo Carlos E, Uribe Sandra, Elias Marianne
Department of Biology Lunds Universitet Lund Sweden.
Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB-UMR 7205-CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Sorbonne Universités Paris France.
Ecol Evol. 2018 Mar 25;8(8):3965-3982. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3622. eCollection 2018 Apr.
The Neotropical region is the most biodiverse on Earth, in a large part due to the highly diverse tropical Andean biota. The Andes are a potentially important driver of diversification within the mountains and for neighboring regions. We compared the role of the Andes in diversification among three subtribes of Ithomiini butterflies endemic to the Neotropics, Dircennina, Oleriina, and Godyridina. The diversification patterns of Godyridina have been studied previously. Here, we generate the first time-calibrated phylogeny for the largest ithomiine subtribe, Dircennina, and we reanalyze a published phylogeny of Oleriina to test different biogeographic scenarios involving the Andes within an identical framework. We found common diversification patterns across the three subtribes, as well as major differences. In Dircennina and Oleriina, our results reveal a congruent pattern of diversification related to the Andes with an Andean origin, which contrasts with the Amazonian origin and multiple Andean colonizations of Godyridina. In each of the three subtribes, a clade diversified in the Northern Andes at a faster rate. Diversification within Amazonia occurred in Oleriina and Godyridina, while virtually no speciation occurred in Dircennina in this region. Dircennina was therefore characterized by higher diversification rates within the Andes compared to non-Andean regions, while in Oleriina and Godyridina, we found no difference between these regions. Our results and discussion highlight the importance of comparative approaches in biogeographic studies.
新热带地区是地球上生物多样性最丰富的地区，很大程度上归因于高度多样的热带安第斯生物群。安第斯山脉是山脉内部以及邻近地区物种多样化的一个潜在重要驱动因素。我们比较了安第斯山脉在新热带地区特有的伊托米尼蝴蝶三个亚族（Dircennina、Oleriina和Godyridina）物种多样化过程中所起的作用。此前已对Godyridina的多样化模式进行过研究。在此，我们首次构建了最大的伊托米尼亚族Dircennina的时间校准系统发育树，并重新分析了已发表的Oleriina的系统发育树，以便在相同框架内测试涉及安第斯山脉的不同生物地理情景。我们发现这三个亚族有共同的多样化模式，也有主要差异。在Dircennina和Oleriina中，我们的结果揭示了与安第斯山脉相关的一致的多样化模式，其起源于安第斯山脉，这与Godyridina起源于亚马逊地区并多次殖民安第斯山脉形成对比。在这三个亚族中，每个亚族都有一个分支在安第斯山脉北部以更快的速度多样化。亚马逊地区的多样化发生在Oleriina和Godyridina中，而在Dircennina中该地区几乎没有物种形成。因此，Dircennina的特点是安第斯山脉内部的多样化速率高于非安第斯地区，而在Oleriina和Godyridina中，我们发现这些地区之间没有差异。我们的结果和讨论突出了比较方法在生物地理研究中的重要性。
