School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
Sci Rep. 2018 May 3;8(1):7004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-25339-2.
A major task for decision makers is deciding how to consider monetary, cultural and conservation values of biodiversity explicitly when planning sustainable land use. Thus, there is a great need to understand just what "valuing" biodiversity or species really means, e.g. regarding how many and which species are important in providing ecosystem services or other values. Constructing ecosystem-level indices, however, requires weighting the relative contribution of species to the different values. Using farmland birds, we illustrate how species contribute to different biodiversity values, namely utilitarian (pest seed predation potential), cultural (species occurrence in poetry), conservational (declines and rarity) and inherent (all species equal) value. Major contributions to each value are often made by a subset of the community and different species are important for different values, leading to no correlations or, in some cases, negative correlations between species' relative contributions to different values. Our results and methods using relative contributions of species to biodiversity values can aid decisions when weighing different values in policies and strategies for natural resource management. We conclude that acknowledging the importance of the range of biodiversity values that are apparent from different perspectives is critical if the full value of biodiversity to society is to be realised.
决策者的一项主要任务是在规划可持续土地利用时明确考虑生物多样性的货币、文化和保护价值。因此，非常有必要了解“重视”生物多样性或物种的真正含义，例如，在提供生态系统服务或其他价值方面，哪些物种重要，有多少种。然而，构建生态系统层面的指标需要权衡物种对不同价值的相对贡献。我们使用农田鸟类来说明物种如何为不同的生物多样性价值做出贡献，即功利价值（害虫种子捕食潜力）、文化价值（诗歌中物种的出现）、保护价值（减少和稀有）和固有价值（所有物种平等）。社区的一个子集往往对每种价值做出主要贡献，而不同的物种对不同的价值很重要，导致物种对不同价值的相对贡献之间没有相关性，或者在某些情况下呈负相关。我们使用物种对生物多样性价值的相对贡献的结果和方法可以帮助在政策和自然资源管理战略中权衡不同的价值时做出决策。我们的结论是，如果要实现生物多样性对社会的全部价值，就必须承认从不同角度明显存在的一系列生物多样性价值的重要性。
