Elmes D G
Department of Psychology, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1988 Oct;14(4):668-75. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.14.4.668.
Four experiments examined interference in human spatial memory. The first two tested for retroactive interference by varying the similarity between the interpolated task and the task that was learned originally. Retroactive interference was observed during relearning of a radial stylus maze and during relearning of the locations of pairs of playing cards in a concentration game. In the third and fourth experiments, proactive interference was tested during the relearning of the locations of pairs in a concentration game. Some proactive interference was observed when the number of proactive games was varied (Experiment 3), and substantial proactive interference was found when the similarity between the proactive and target tasks was the independent variable (Experiment 4). Although extensive evidence indicates that spatial memory differs from other types of memory, spatial memory is subject to interference effects, as are verbal memory, motor memory, visual discriminative memory in animals, and animal spatial memory.
四项实验研究了人类空间记忆中的干扰现象。前两项实验通过改变插入任务与最初学习任务之间的相似度来测试倒摄干扰。在重新学习放射状触笔迷宫以及在集中注意力游戏中重新学习成对扑克牌位置的过程中观察到了倒摄干扰。在第三和第四项实验中，在集中注意力游戏中重新学习成对位置时测试了前摄干扰。当前摄游戏的数量发生变化时观察到了一些前摄干扰（实验3），而当前摄任务与目标任务之间的相似度作为自变量时发现了显著的前摄干扰（实验4）。尽管大量证据表明空间记忆与其他类型的记忆不同，但空间记忆也会受到干扰影响，言语记忆、运动记忆、动物的视觉辨别记忆以及动物空间记忆也是如此。
