West-Oram Peter G N, Buyx Alena
Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.
Public Health Ethics. 2017 Jul;10(2):212-224. doi: 10.1093/phe/phw021. Epub 2016 May 6.
For much of the 20th century, vulnerability to deprivations of health has often been defined by geographical and economic factors. Those in wealthy, usually 'Northern' and 'Western', parts of the world have benefited from infrastructures, and accidents of geography and climate, which insulate them from many serious threats to health. Conversely, poorer people are typically exposed to more threats to health, and have lesser access to the infrastructures needed to safeguard them against the worst consequences of such exposure. However, in recent years the increasingly globalized nature of the world's economy, society and culture, combined with anthropogenic climate change and the evolution of antibiotic resistance, has begun to shift the boundaries that previously defined the categories of person threatened by many exogenous threats to health. In doing so, these factors expose both new and forgotten similarities between persons, and highlight the need for global cooperative responses to the existential threats posed by climate change and the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. In this article, we argue that these emerging health threats, in demonstrating the similarities that exist between even distant persons, provides a catalyst for global solidarity, which justifies, and provides motivation for, the establishment of solidaristic, cooperative global health infrastructures.
在20世纪的大部分时间里，健康匮乏的易感性往往由地理和经济因素来界定。世界上富裕的地区，通常是“北方”和“西方”地区的人们，受益于基础设施以及地理和气候条件，这些使他们免受许多严重的健康威胁。相反，较贫穷的人群通常面临更多的健康威胁，并且获得保障他们免受此类威胁最严重后果所需基础设施的机会较少。然而，近年来，世界经济、社会和文化日益全球化的性质，加上人为气候变化和抗生素耐药性的演变，已开始改变先前界定受许多外部健康威胁人群类别的界限。这样一来，这些因素揭示了不同人群之间新的以及被遗忘的相似之处，并凸显了全球合作应对气候变化和抗菌药物耐药性演变所带来的生存威胁的必要性。在本文中，我们认为，这些新出现的健康威胁，通过展示即使相距遥远的人群之间存在的相似性，为全球团结提供了催化剂，这为建立团结、合作的全球卫生基础设施提供了正当理由和动力。
