Han Hock Siew, Chen Charles, Schievano Carlo, Noli Chiara
The Animal Clinic, Block 109 Clementi Street 11, #01-17/19, Singapore, 120109, Singapore.
Asian Veterinary Specialist Referral Center, 109 Section 4, XinYi Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
Vet Dermatol. 2018 May 6. doi: 10.1111/vde.12548.
Canine screw-worm myiasis due to Cochliomyia hominivorax or Chrysomya bezziana has traditionally been treated with extra-label use of ivermectin. The larvicidal activities of nitenpyram and spinosad/milbemycin also have been described, but there have been no reports to describe the efficacy of isoxazolines such as afoxolaner.
To evaluate and compare the efficacy of spinosad, spinosad/milbemycin, milbemycin, nitenpyram and afoxolaner for the treatment of canine screw-worm myiasis.
Forty client-owned and naturally infested dogs.
Cases were randomized into five groups of eight dogs, with each receiving an insecticide at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. Each case was evaluated hourly for 7 h and then again 24 h after treatment. Scores of 0 (no visualized effect), 0.5 (partial eradication) or 1 (complete kill and eradication) were recorded at each observation and compared between groups. Time to complete killing of all larvae was recorded for each dog and compared between treatment groups.
Nitenpyram killed all larvae at 6 h post-consumption and spinosad/milbemycin at 7 h. In groups receiving afoxolaner or spinosad, all larvae were killed within 24 h. For those receiving milbemycin, two cases were still infested with live larvae at 24 h. Shih tzus and their crosses were most commonly affected.
Spinosad/milbemycin or nitenpyram seem to be effective drugs for the treatment of canine screw-worm myiasis. Afoxolaner and milbemycin are effective but exhibited slower larvicidal activity. Synergism between spinosad and milbemycin was observed.
由嗜人锥蝇或贝氏丽蝇引起的犬螺旋锥蝇蛆病传统上使用超说明书剂量的伊维菌素进行治疗。烯啶虫胺以及多杀菌素/米尔倍霉素的杀幼虫活性也有相关描述，但尚无关于阿福拉纳等异恶唑啉类药物疗效的报道。
评估并比较多杀菌素、多杀菌素/米尔倍霉素、米尔倍霉素、烯啶虫胺和阿福拉纳治疗犬螺旋锥蝇蛆病的疗效。
40只客户拥有的自然感染犬。
将病例随机分为五组，每组8只犬，每组均按照制造商推荐的剂量接受一种杀虫剂治疗。对每只病例每小时评估1次，持续7小时，治疗后24小时再评估1次。每次观察时记录0分（无可见效果）、0.5分（部分根除）或1分（完全杀灭和根除）的评分，并在组间进行比较。记录每只犬杀灭所有幼虫的时间，并在各治疗组间进行比较。
烯啶虫胺在用药后6小时杀灭所有幼虫，多杀菌素/米尔倍霉素在7小时杀灭所有幼虫。在接受阿福拉纳或多杀菌素治疗的组中，所有幼虫在24小时内被杀死。对于接受米尔倍霉素治疗的犬，有2例在24小时时仍有活幼虫感染。西施犬及其杂交品种最常受到感染。
多杀菌素/米尔倍霉素或烯啶虫胺似乎是治疗犬螺旋锥蝇蛆病的有效药物。阿福拉纳和米尔倍霉素有效，但杀幼虫活性较慢。观察到多杀菌素和米尔倍霉素之间存在协同作用。
