Cao Rui, Wu Fu Zhong, Yang Wan Qin, Xu Zhen Feng, Tani Bo, Wang Bin, Li Jun, Chang Chen Hui
Long-term Research Station of Alpine Forest Ecosystems, Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Ecological Security in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River, Chengdu 611130, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2016 Apr 22;27(4):1257-1264. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201604.018.
In order to understand the variations of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities with the change of altitude, a field incubation was conducted in dry valley, ecotone between dry valley and mountain forest, subalpine coniferous forest, alpine forest and alpine meadow from 1563 m to 3994 m of altitude in the alpine-gorge region of western Sichuan. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and the activities of invertase, urease and acid phosphorus were measured in both soil organic layer and mineral soil layer. Both the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities showed the similar tendency in soil organic layer. They increased from 2158 m to 3028 m, then decreased to the lowest value at 3593 m, and thereafter increased until 3994 m in the alpine-gorge region. In contrast, the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in mineral soil layer showed the trends as, the subalpine forest at 3028 m > alpine meadow at 3994 m > montane forest ecotone at 2158 m > alpine forest at 3593 m > dry valley at 1563 m. Regardless of altitudes, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities were significantly higher in soil organic layer than in mineral soil layer. The soil microbial biomass was significantly positively correlated with the activities of the measured soil enzymes. Moreover, both the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities were significantly positively correlated with soil water content, organic carbon, and total nitrogen. The activity of soil invertase was significantly positively correlated with soil phosphorus content, and the soil acid phosphatase was so with soil phosphorus content and soil temperature. In brief, changes in vegetation and other environmental factors resulting from altitude change might have strong effects on soil biochemical properties in the alpine-gorge region.
为了解土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性随海拔变化的情况，在川西高山峡谷地区海拔1563米至3994米的干谷、干谷与山地森林交错带、亚高山针叶林、高山森林和高山草甸进行了田间培养试验。测定了土壤有机层和矿质土壤层中微生物生物量碳和氮以及蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性。土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性在土壤有机层呈现相似趋势。在高山峡谷地区，它们从2158米增加到3028米，然后在3593米降至最低值，此后一直增加到3994米。相比之下，矿质土壤层中土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的趋势为：3028米的亚高山森林＞3994米的高山草甸＞2158米的山地森林交错带＞3593米的高山森林＞1563米的干谷。无论海拔如何，土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性在土壤有机层均显著高于矿质土壤层。土壤微生物生物量与所测土壤酶活性显著正相关。此外，土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性均与土壤含水量、有机碳和全氮显著正相关。土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤磷含量显著正相关，土壤酸性磷酸酶与土壤磷含量和土壤温度显著正相关。简而言之，海拔变化导致的植被和其他环境因素变化可能对高山峡谷地区土壤生化性质产生强烈影响。
