Behravan Javad, Razazan Atefeh, Behravan Ghazal
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2019;16(3):251-258. doi: 10.2174/1570163815666180502164652.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women. National cancer institute of the US estimates that one in eight women will be diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetime. Considering the devastating effects of the disease and the alarming numbers many scientists and research groups have devoted their research to fight breast cancer. Several recommendations are to be considered as preventing measures which include living a healthy lifestyle, regular physical activity, weight control and smoking cessation. Early detection of the disease by annual and regular mammography after the age of 40 is recommended by many healthcare institutions. This would help the diagnosis of the disease at an earlier stage and the start of the treatment before it is spread to other parts of the body. Current therapy for breast cancer includes surgical ablation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy which is often associated with adverse effects and even may lead to a relapse of the disease at a later stage. In order to achieve a long-lasting anticancer response with minimal adverse effects, development of breast cancer vaccines is under investigation by many laboratories. The immune system can be stimulated by a vaccine against breast cancer. This approach has attracted a great enthusiasm in recent years. No breast cancer vaccines have been approved for clinical use today. One breast cancer vaccine (NeuVax) has now completed clinical trial phase III and a few preventive and therapeutic breast cancer vaccines are at different steps of development. We think that with the recent advancements in immunotherapy, a breast cancer vaccine is not far from reach.
乳腺癌是女性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。美国国家癌症研究所估计，八分之一的女性在其一生中会被诊断出患有乳腺癌。鉴于该疾病的毁灭性影响以及令人担忧的患病人数，许多科学家和研究团队致力于对抗乳腺癌的研究。有几项建议可作为预防措施加以考虑，包括保持健康的生活方式、定期进行体育锻炼、控制体重和戒烟。许多医疗机构建议，40岁以后每年定期进行乳房X光检查以早期发现该疾病。这将有助于在疾病早期进行诊断，并在其扩散到身体其他部位之前开始治疗。目前乳腺癌的治疗方法包括手术切除、放射疗法和化学疗法，这些疗法常常伴有不良反应，甚至可能导致疾病在后期复发。为了以最小的不良反应实现持久的抗癌反应，许多实验室正在研究开发乳腺癌疫苗。一种针对乳腺癌的疫苗可以刺激免疫系统。近年来，这种方法引起了极大的关注。目前尚无乳腺癌疫苗被批准用于临床。一种乳腺癌疫苗（NeuVax）现已完成III期临床试验，还有几种预防性和治疗性乳腺癌疫苗正处于不同的研发阶段。我们认为，随着免疫疗法的最新进展，乳腺癌疫苗已指日可待。
