Mittendorf Elizabeth A, Peoples George E
Oncology (Williston Park). 2016 May;30(5):475-81, 485.
There is significant interest in investigating immunotherapeutic strategies to be used for the treatment of breast cancer patients. One form of immunotherapy under active investigation is the cancer vaccine. Vaccines are a form of active immune therapy designed to stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor cells as foreign. Vaccines include an antigen that serves as the target for the immune response, and an immunoadjuvant, which is a nonspecific stimulator of the immune response that promotes an environment conducive to immune stimulation. Vaccines are an appealing therapeutic strategy because they are specific and are associated with minimal toxicity. In addition, they stimulate the adaptive immune system, thereby producing a memory response allowing for sustained effect without repeated therapy. Currently, there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved breast cancer vaccines; however, there are multiple vaccines and treatment strategies employing these vaccines that are being actively investigated in clinical trials.
人们对研究用于治疗乳腺癌患者的免疫治疗策略有着浓厚的兴趣。正在积极研究的一种免疫治疗形式是癌症疫苗。疫苗是一种主动免疫治疗形式，旨在刺激免疫系统将肿瘤细胞识别为外来物。疫苗包括作为免疫反应靶点的抗原和免疫佐剂，免疫佐剂是免疫反应的非特异性刺激物，可促进有利于免疫刺激的环境。疫苗是一种有吸引力的治疗策略，因为它们具有特异性且毒性极小。此外，它们刺激适应性免疫系统，从而产生记忆反应，无需重复治疗就能持续发挥作用。目前，美国食品药品监督管理局尚未批准任何乳腺癌疫苗；然而，有多种疫苗以及采用这些疫苗的治疗策略正在临床试验中积极研究。
