Chen Yuan-Yuan, Yin Jun, Gong Yun-Hui, Zhou Rong, Jia Hong, Quan Li-Ming, Zhao Li, Li Ming, Lü Xiao-Hua, He Fang, Cheng Guo
Department of Nutrition,Food Safety and Toxicology,West China School of Public Health,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China.
Department of Obstetrics,West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2018 Mar;49(2):258-263.
To determine the association of eating frequency (EF) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with birth body mass of neonates.
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 578 healthy pregnant women from April to October 2015. Dietary intake and physical activity data per trimester were collected using a questionnaire. Data in relation to gestational body mass,gestational stage and birth body mass of neonates were obtained from clinical records. Multiple logistic regression models were established to test the impacts of EF and GWG on appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between EF and birth body mass of neonates.
A final sample of 503 eligible pregnant women (87.02%) was included in data analyses. Higher EF [odds ratio ()=2.03; 95% confidence interval (): 1.18-3.47] and snacks (=1.84; 95%: 1.08-3.15) in the first trimester were associated with increased risk of excessive GWG,after controlling for maternal age,education,average household income,physicalactivity,numbers of pregnancy,numbers of delivery,and dietary intake (protein,fat,carbohydrate). A meal frequency greater (=2.83; 95%: 1.07-4.58) or less (=1.92; 95%: 1.08-3.61) than three in the first trimester was also associated with increased risk of large or small for gestational age. Meal frequency in the first trimester was positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates (=236.17; <0.01).
Frequent eating and snacks in the first trimester are associated with increased risks of excessive GWG. Meal frequency in the first trimester is also positively correlated with birth body mass of neonates: three meals per day is a protective factor of AGA.
确定进食频率（EF）和孕期体重增加（GWG）与新生儿出生体重之间的关联。
2015年4月至10月对578名健康孕妇进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。使用问卷收集每个孕期的饮食摄入量和身体活动数据。从临床记录中获取与孕妇体重、孕期和新生儿出生体重相关的数据。建立多元逻辑回归模型以检验EF和GWG对适于胎龄（AGA）的影响。进行多元线性回归分析以确定EF与新生儿出生体重之间的关联。
数据分析纳入了503名符合条件的孕妇的最终样本（87.02%）。在控制了产妇年龄、教育程度、家庭平均收入、身体活动、怀孕次数、分娩次数和饮食摄入量（蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物）后，孕早期较高的EF（优势比[OR]=2.03；95%置信区间[CI]：1.18 - 3.47）和吃零食（OR = 1.84；95%CI：1.08 - 3.15）与GWG过多风险增加相关。孕早期进食频率大于（OR = 2.83；95%CI：1.07 - 4.58）或小于（OR = 1.92；95%CI：1.08 - 3.61）三餐也与大于或小于胎龄的风险增加相关。孕早期的进食频率与新生儿出生体重呈正相关（β = 236.17；P < 0.01）。
孕早期频繁进食和吃零食与GWG过多风险增加相关。孕早期的进食频率也与新生儿出生体重呈正相关：每日三餐是AGA的一个保护因素。
