Carta Mauro Giovanni, Moro Daniela, Wallet Oumar Fadimata, Moro Maria Francesca, Pintus Mirra, Pintus Elisa, Minerba Luigi, Sancassiani Federica, Pascolo-Fabrici Elisabetta, Preti Antonio, Bhugra Dinesh Kumar
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Corso di Laurea in Tecnica della Riabilitazione Psichiatrica, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
Front Psychiatry. 2018 Apr 24;9:127. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00127. eCollection 2018.
The aim of this study was to carry out a 2-year follow-up of refugees in a camp in Burkina Faso who had been interviewed previously. We also aimed to verify whether the general conditions in which they lived (e.g., protection by international organizations and the conclusion of negotiations and new hope of returning to Mali and reunification with surviving family members) would affect their mental health state.
This is a cross-sectional study repeated over time on a cohort of refugees. People living in the Subgandé camp who had participated in the first survey in 2012 were identified using informational chains and approached for follow-up. Those who agreed were interviewed using the Short Screening Scale for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the K6 scale, French versions, to measure general psychopathology and the level of impairment.
The second survey shows a dramatic decrease in psychopathological symptoms (positivity at K6 scale). Improvement was also conspicuous in the frequency of people with stress symptoms (positivity at Short Screening Scale for PTSD and simultaneous positivity to K6 scale). The frequency of people screened positive at the Short Screening Scale for PTSD had also decreased, but the level of improvement was not pronounced.
Our findings confirm that when physical conditions improve, psychological symptoms can also improve. Although in the studied sample psychological factors, such as the hope of returning to their own land and thus the possibility of maintaining ethnic cohesion, may have played a role, future research carried out with a proper methodology and sufficient resources to identify protective factors is needed.
本研究的目的是对布基纳法索一个营地中之前接受过访谈的难民进行为期两年的随访。我们还旨在核实他们的生活总体状况（例如，受到国际组织的保护以及谈判的结果和返回马里并与幸存家庭成员团聚的新希望）是否会影响他们的心理健康状况。
这是一项对一组难民随时间重复进行的横断面研究。利用信息链识别出2012年参与首次调查的居住在苏甘德营地的人员，并对其进行随访。同意参与的人员使用法语版创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）简短筛查量表和K6量表进行访谈，以测量总体精神病理学和损害程度。
第二次调查显示精神病理学症状大幅减少（K6量表呈阳性）。应激症状人群的频率（PTSD简短筛查量表呈阳性且同时K6量表呈阳性）也有明显改善。PTSD简短筛查量表筛查呈阳性的人群频率也有所下降，但改善程度不明显。
我们的研究结果证实，当身体状况改善时，心理症状也会改善。尽管在所研究的样本中，诸如返回故土的希望以及因此保持族群凝聚力的可能性等心理因素可能起到了一定作用，但未来需要采用适当方法并投入足够资源来确定保护因素的研究。
