Wang Neng Wei, Ge Xiu Li, Li Sheng Dong
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Ji'nan 250353, China.
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250100, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Mar 18;28(3):871-876. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201703.015.
Conservation tillage and the weed diversity are two hot issues in the modern ecological agriculture. Although it is known that the diversity of weed would increase slightly in the farmland under conservation tillage, the interaction effects between the tillage and the nutrient management on the weed community are not clear. In this study, one wheat-maize rotation field located in Ji'nan, Shandong Province, was selected as the studying site. Different tillage methods (no-tillage, deep subsoiling, rotary tillage, deep tillage) and different nutrient managements (farmers routine, 480 kg N hm per year; high production and efficiency, 360 kg N hm per year; optimal management, 300 kg N hm per year) were carried out for 3 years. The characteristics of the spring weed communities under different managements were investigated and compared. The results showed that there were 15 species in the spring weed communities in the test filed and Digitaria sanguinalis and Echinochloa crusgalli were the dominant species. The plots under no-tillage or deep subsoiling had higher weed densities compared with those under the deep tillage or rotary tillage. In terms of the effect of tillage on the weed community diversity, both species richness index and species evenness index were lowest but the community dominance index was highest in the plots under deep tillage. In terms of the effect of the nutrient management, with the increase of fertilizer application, both species richness and evenness index increased under the different tillage methods. The community dominance increased with the increasing fertilizer application under deep tillage or rotary tillage and vice versa under no-tillage, deep subsoiling. In terms of weed biomass, the plots under no-tillage or deep subsoiling had significantly higher weed biomass than those under the other two tillage methods. The plots under routine nutrient management had higher weed biomass than those under the other two nutrient managements. Among all these treatments, the plots under the combination treatment of no-tillage and routine nutrient management had the highest weed biomass. According to these results, it was implied that no-tillage and fertilization would improve species richness index, species evenness index, and the productivity of spring weed community in the wheat-maize farmland.
保护性耕作与杂草多样性是现代生态农业中的两个热点问题。虽然已知在保护性耕作的农田中杂草多样性会略有增加，但耕作与养分管理对杂草群落的交互作用尚不清楚。本研究选取位于山东省济南市的一块小麦-玉米轮作田作为研究地点。进行了3年不同的耕作方式（免耕、深松、旋耕、深耕）和不同的养分管理（农民常规管理，每年施氮480 kg/hm²；高产高效管理，每年施氮360 kg/hm²；优化管理，每年施氮300 kg/hm²）。对不同管理方式下春季杂草群落的特征进行了调查和比较。结果表明，试验田中春季杂草群落有15个物种，马唐和稗草为优势种。免耕或深松地块的杂草密度高于深耕或旋耕地块。就耕作对杂草群落多样性的影响而言，深耕地块的物种丰富度指数和物种均匀度指数最低，但群落优势度指数最高。就养分管理的影响而言，随着施肥量的增加，不同耕作方式下的物种丰富度和均匀度指数均增加。深耕或旋耕条件下，群落优势度随施肥量增加而增加，免耕、深松条件下则相反。就杂草生物量而言，免耕或深松地块的杂草生物量显著高于其他两种耕作方式的地块。常规养分管理地块的杂草生物量高于其他两种养分管理地块。在所有这些处理中，免耕与常规养分管理组合处理的地块杂草生物量最高。根据这些结果表明，免耕和施肥会提高小麦-玉米农田春季杂草群落的物种丰富度指数、物种均匀度指数和生产力。
