Xu Xiao Wu, Yu Xin Xiao, Jia Guo Dong, Li Han Zhi, Lu Wei Wei, Liu Zi Qiang
Key Laboratory of Soil & Water Conservation and Desertification Combating of Ministry of Education, College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2017 Jul 18;28(7):2369-2378. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.025.
Soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is one of the important research objects in the field of terrestrial hydrology, ecology and global change. The process of water and carbon cycling, and their coupling mechanism are frontier issues. With characteristics of tracing, integration and indication, stable isotope techniques contribute to the estimation of the relationship between carbon sequestration and water consumption in ecosystems. In this review, based on a brief introduction of stable isotope principles and techniques, the applications of stable isotope techniques to water and carbon exchange in SPAC using optical stable isotope techniques were mainly explained, including: partitioning of net carbon exchange into photosynthesis and respiration; partitioning of evapotranspiration into transpiration and evaporation; coupling of water and carbon cycle at the ecosystem scale. Advanced techniques and methods provided long-term and high frequency measurements for isotope signals at the ecosystem scale, but the issues about the precision and accuracy for measurements, partitioning of ecosystem respiration, adaptability for models under non-steady state, scaling up, coupling mechanism of water and carbon cycles, were challenging. The main existing research findings, limitations and future research prospects were discussed, which might help new research and technology development in the field of stable isotope ecology.
土壤-植被-大气连续体（SPAC）是陆地水文、生态学和全球变化领域的重要研究对象之一。水和碳循环过程及其耦合机制是前沿问题。稳定同位素技术具有示踪、整合和指示的特点，有助于估算生态系统中碳固存与水分消耗之间的关系。在本综述中，在简要介绍稳定同位素原理和技术的基础上，主要阐述了利用光学稳定同位素技术的稳定同位素技术在SPAC水碳交换中的应用，包括：将净碳交换划分为光合作用和呼吸作用；将蒸散划分为蒸腾作用和蒸发作用；在生态系统尺度上耦合水和碳循环。先进的技术和方法为生态系统尺度的同位素信号提供了长期和高频测量，但测量的精度和准确性、生态系统呼吸的划分、非稳态下模型的适应性、尺度扩展、水碳循环的耦合机制等问题具有挑战性。讨论了主要的现有研究成果、局限性和未来研究前景，这可能有助于稳定同位素生态学领域的新研究和技术发展。
