日本社区老年人的咬合与跌倒的关系：一项横断面相关性研究。
Relationship between occlusal force and falls among community-dwelling elderly in Japan: a cross-sectional correlative study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health Nursing, Ube Frontier University, Ube, Japan.
Division of Linguistics, Department of Health Sciences, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9 Megusuno, Oita, 870-1201, Japan.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2018 May 9;18(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12877-018-0805-4.
BACKGROUND
Falls may cause serious health conditions among older population. Fall-related physical factors are thought to be associated with occlusal conditions. However, few studies examined the relationship between occlusal force and falls. To identify the association between occlusal force and falls among community-dwelling elderly individuals in Japan, public health nurses conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study.
METHODS
We performed extensive physical assessments of five items: maximum occlusal force, handgrip strength, maximal knee extensor strength, one-leg standing time with eyes open and body sway. We also conducted a questionnaire survey concerning the participants' demographic characteristics, health status and fall experience during the past year. Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated for age and the total points of the index of activities of daily living. Associations were examined using Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression.
RESULTS
We examined 159 community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years, who were independent and active, including 38 participants (24.5%) with experience of falls in the past year. Maximum occlusal force had significant correlation with handgrip strength, maximal knee extensor strength, and one-leg standing time and body sway (P < .05, respectively). We found weak associations between participants with and without a history of falls in terms of the five physical measurements. Logistic regression analysis showed that fall experience was significantly associated with maximum occlusal force (P = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study, led by public health nursing researchers, to examine the associations between maximum occlusal force and falls among community-dwelling elderly in Japan. The results showed that maximum occlusal force was significantly related to the other four extensive physical assessments, and might also suggest that maximum occlusal force assessment by public health nurses could contribute to more sophisticated and precise prediction of fall risks among the community-dwelling elderly. The latest occlusal force measurement device is non-invasive and easy to use. Public health nurses can introduce it at periodical community health checkup assembly events, which might contribute to raising awareness among community-dwelling elderly individuals and public health nurses about fall prevention and prediction.
背景
跌倒可能会给老年人造成严重的健康问题。人们认为与跌倒相关的身体因素与咬合状况有关。然而，很少有研究检查咬合力与跌倒之间的关系。为了确定日本社区居住的老年人中咬合力与跌倒之间的关系，公共卫生护士进行了一项横断面描述性研究。
方法
我们对五项指标进行了广泛的身体评估：最大咬合力、手握力、最大膝关节伸展力、睁眼单腿站立时间和身体摆动。我们还对参与者的人口统计学特征、健康状况和过去一年的跌倒经历进行了问卷调查。计算了年龄和日常生活活动指数总分的平均值和标准差。使用 Mann-Whitney 检验和逻辑回归检查关联。
结果
我们检查了 159 名年龄≥65 岁、独立且活跃的社区居民，其中 38 名（24.5%）参与者在过去一年中有跌倒经历。最大咬合力与手握力、最大膝关节伸展力和单腿站立时间和身体摆动有显著相关性（P<0.05，分别）。我们发现，有和无跌倒史的参与者在五项身体测量方面存在弱关联。逻辑回归分析显示，跌倒经历与最大咬合力显著相关（P=0.004）。
结论
这是公共卫生护理研究人员首次在日本社区居住的老年人中检查最大咬合力与跌倒之间的关系。结果表明，最大咬合力与其他四项广泛的身体评估显著相关，这也可能表明公共卫生护士对最大咬合力的评估有助于更精细、更准确地预测社区居住的老年人的跌倒风险。最新的咬合力测量设备是非侵入性的，易于使用。公共卫生护士可以在定期的社区健康检查大会上介绍它，这可能有助于提高社区居住的老年人和公共卫生护士对预防和预测跌倒的认识。
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