Kozinc Žiga, Löfler Stefan, Hofer Christian, Carraro Ugo, Šarabon Nejc
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, SI-6310 Izola, Slovenia.
Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Sep 3;10(9):667. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10090667.
Falls are a major cause of injury and morbidity in older adults. To reduce the incidence of falls, a systematic assessment of the risk of falling is of paramount importance. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive comparison of the diagnostic balance tests used to predict falls and for distinguishing older adults with and without a history of falls. We conducted a systematic review of the studies in which instrumented (force plate body sway assessment) or other non-instrumented balance tests were used. We analyzed the data from 19 prospective and 48 retrospective/case-control studies. Among the non-instrumented tests, the single-leg stance test appears to be the most promising for discrimination between fallers and non-fallers. In terms of body sway measures, the center-of-pressure area was most consistently associated with falls. No evidence was found for increased benefit of the body sway test when cognitive tasks were added, or the vision was eliminated. While our analyses are limited due to the unbalanced representation of different test and outcome measures across studies, we can recommend the single-leg test for the assessment of the risk of falling, and the measurements of body sway for a more comprehensive assessment.
跌倒是老年人受伤和发病的主要原因。为降低跌倒发生率，对跌倒风险进行系统评估至关重要。本系统评价的目的是全面比较用于预测跌倒以及区分有跌倒史和无跌倒史老年人的诊断性平衡测试。我们对使用仪器化（测力平台身体摇摆评估）或其他非仪器化平衡测试的研究进行了系统评价。我们分析了19项前瞻性研究和48项回顾性/病例对照研究的数据。在非仪器化测试中，单腿站立测试似乎最有希望用于区分跌倒者和非跌倒者。就身体摇摆测量而言，压力中心面积与跌倒的相关性最为一致。未发现添加认知任务或消除视觉后身体摇摆测试的益处增加的证据。尽管由于不同测试和结局测量在各研究中的代表性不均衡，我们的分析存在局限性，但我们可以推荐单腿测试用于评估跌倒风险，以及身体摇摆测量用于更全面的评估。
