Centre for Population Health, Western Sydney Local Health District and Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.
Nat Rev Genet. 2018 Jul;19(7):419-430. doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0012-3.
The Industrial Revolution and the accompanying nutritional, epidemiological and demographic transitions have profoundly changed human ecology and biology, leading to major shifts in life history traits, which include age and size at maturity, age-specific fertility and lifespan. Mismatch between past adaptations and the current environment means that gene variants linked to higher fitness in the past may now, through antagonistic pleiotropic effects, predispose post-transition populations to non-communicable diseases, such as Alzheimer disease, cancer and coronary artery disease. Increasing evidence suggests that the transition to modernity has also altered the direction and intensity of natural selection acting on many traits, with important implications for public and global health.
工业革命和随之而来的营养、流行病学和人口统计学转变深刻地改变了人类的生态和生物学，导致了生活史特征的重大转变，包括成熟年龄和体型、特定年龄的生育力和寿命。过去的适应与当前环境之间的不匹配意味着，过去与更高适应性相关的基因变体现在可能通过拮抗多效性作用，使后过渡人群易患非传染性疾病，如阿尔茨海默病、癌症和冠心病。越来越多的证据表明，向现代社会的过渡也改变了许多特征的自然选择的方向和强度，这对公共和全球健康都有重要影响。
