1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
2Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018 May 2;7:63. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0351-z. eCollection 2018.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge and developing countries are more vulnerable to the adverse health impacts of AMR. Health care workers including pharmacists can play a key role to support the appropriate use of antimicrobials in developing countries and reduce AMR.
The aim of this review is to investigate the role of pharmacists in the appropriate use of antibiotics and to identify how the pharmacists' role can be enhanced to combat AMR in developing countries.
The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2000 and the end of August 2017 that involved studies on the role of pharmacists in developing countries, the expanded services of pharmacists in patient care in developed countries and pharmacists' contributions in antimicrobial use in both developed and developing nations.
In developing countries pharmacists role in patient care are relatively limited. However, in developed nations, the pharmacists' role has expanded to provide multifaceted services in patient care resulting in improved health outcomes from clinical services and reduced health care costs. Success stories of pharmacist-led programs in combating AMR demonstrates that appropriately trained pharmacists can be part of the solution to overcome the global challenge of AMR. Pharmacists can provide education to patients enabling them to use antibiotics appropriately. They can also provide guidance to their healthcare colleagues on appropriate antibiotic prescribing.
This review highlights that appropriately trained pharmacists integrated into the health care system can make a significant impact in minimising inappropriate antibiotic use in developing countries. Strengthening and enhancing the pharmacists' role in developing countries has the potential to positively impact the global issue of AMR.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）是一个全球性的健康挑战，发展中国家更容易受到 AMR 对健康的不良影响。包括药剂师在内的医疗保健工作者可以在发展中国家发挥关键作用，支持合理使用抗菌药物，减少 AMR。
本综述旨在调查药剂师在合理使用抗生素方面的作用，并确定如何增强药剂师的作用，以应对发展中国家的 AMR。
检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 数据库，以获取 2000 年至 2017 年 8 月底发表的涉及发展中国家药剂师作用、发达国家药剂师在患者护理中扩大服务范围以及发达和发展中国家药剂师在抗菌药物使用方面的贡献的研究文章。
在发展中国家，药剂师在患者护理中的作用相对有限。然而，在发达国家，药剂师的作用已经扩大，为患者提供多方面的服务，从而改善临床服务的健康结果，并降低医疗保健成本。以药剂师为主导的对抗 AMR 项目的成功案例表明，经过适当培训的药剂师可以成为克服 AMR 这一全球挑战的解决方案的一部分。药剂师可以为患者提供教育，使他们能够正确使用抗生素。他们还可以为医疗保健同事提供有关适当抗生素处方的指导。
本综述强调，经过适当培训的药剂师融入医疗保健系统，可以在发展中国家最大限度地减少不合理使用抗生素。加强和增强发展中国家药剂师的作用有可能对全球 AMR 问题产生积极影响。
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