a School of Medical and Health Sciences , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia.
b Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Burwood , Australia.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Aug;18(7):984-993. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1467489. Epub 2018 May 10.
The acute responses to resistance training (RT) between males and females are poorly understood, especially from a neural perspective. Therefore, we aimed to compare the corticospinal and intracortical responses during fatigue and recovery following RT.
Twenty-two participants (12M, 10F) completed one-session of RT (3 × 12 repetition maximum) unilateral leg extensions with 60 s recovery. Single- and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation measured changes in the motor-evoked potential (MEP), corticospinal silent period (CSP), CSP/MEP ratio, and intracortical facilitation/inhibition (ICF, SICI). The maximal compound wave (M) measured peripheral excitability of the rectus femoris (RF) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) neuromuscular function of the leg extensors. Measures were taken immediately post, 30 min, 1 and 6 h post-training.
A significantly greater increase in MEP/M ratio (p = .005) was observed for females immediately post-training compared to males. While no sex differences in MEP/M ratio was observed at 30 min and 1 h post-training, a greater MEP/M ratio for males was observed at 30 min (p < .001), which remained elevated up until 1 h post-training for males when compared to baseline (p = .003). CSP trended to decrease for males compared to females immediately post-training (d = 1.93). MVIC was decreased post-training for males; 14.22% and females; 14.16% (P < .001), with M reduced at 30 min for both groups (P < .001). No differences in the CSP/MEP ratio, SICI or ICF were observed (P > .05).
The net output of corticospinal excitability is similar between males and females during fatigue. However, the mechanism in which this is modulated (increased MEP, decreased CSP) appears to be sex-specific.
男性和女性在抗阻训练（RT）后的急性反应尚不清楚，尤其是从神经生理学角度来看。因此，我们旨在比较 RT 后疲劳和恢复期间皮质脊髓和皮质内反应。
22 名参与者（12 名男性，10 名女性）完成了一次单侧腿伸展的 RT（3×12 次重复最大），恢复时间为 60 秒。单脉冲和双脉冲经颅磁刺激测量运动诱发电位（MEP）、皮质脊髓静息期（CSP）、CSP/MEP 比值和皮质内易化/抑制（ICF、SICI）的变化。最大复合波（M）测量股直肌（RF）的外周兴奋性和腿部伸肌的最大自主等长收缩（MVIC）神经肌肉功能。在训练后即刻、30 分钟、1 小时和 6 小时进行测量。
女性在训练后即刻的 MEP/M 比值显著增加（p=0.005），而男性在 30 分钟和 1 小时时则没有性别差异。然而，男性在 30 分钟时的 MEP/M 比值更高（p<0.001），并且在 1 小时时仍高于基线（p=0.003）。CSP 趋势为男性在训练后即刻低于女性（d=1.93）。男性的 MVIC 在训练后下降；14.22%，女性；14.16%（P<0.001），两组在 30 分钟时 M 均降低（P<0.001）。CSP/MEP 比值、SICI 或 ICF 没有差异（P>0.05）。
在疲劳期间，男性和女性的皮质脊髓兴奋性的净输出相似。然而，调节这种兴奋性的机制（增加 MEP，减少 CSP）似乎是性别特异性的。
