Ramirez Jennifer, Oshin Linda, Milan Stephanie
University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
J Cross Cult Psychol. 2017 May;48(4):593-610. doi: 10.1177/0022022117696802. Epub 2017 Mar 13.
According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents' long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers' long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers' long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.
根据发展生态位理论，不同文化和族裔群体的成员对于儿童成长为适应良好的成年人所需条件往往有不同的看法。这些观念反映在父母对子女长期的社会化目标中。在本研究中，我们检验在美国关于多元家庭的文献中被认为重要的特定主题（例如，坚强的黑人女性[SBW]、圣母主义、家庭主义）是否在母亲的长期社会化目标中有所体现。研究参与者包括来自美国一个低收入城市的192名十几岁女儿的母亲（58%为拉丁裔，22%为非裔美国人，20%为欧裔美国人[EA]/白人）。通过对女性应具备的重要特质进行Q分类任务以及对关于母亲希望在女儿成年时传递给她们的价值观的开放式回答进行内容分析来评估社会化目标。协方差分析和逻辑回归的结果表明，两项任务上均存在与假设一致的显著种族/族裔差异。在Q分类任务中，非裔美国母亲比其他种族/族裔群体的母亲更重视女性具备诸如独立等特质。同样，在她们希望传递给女儿的内容方面，她们更有可能强调自信和力量。与预期相反，拉丁裔母亲在Q分类中没有强调社交特质；然而，在开放式回答中，她们更有可能关注母性的重要性，这是圣母主义和家庭主义的一个方面。总体而言，结果表明这些母亲的长期社会化目标纳入了对非裔美国人和拉丁裔家庭而言被认为重要的与文化相关的价值观。
