微小 RNA 在干细胞衰老中的新兴作用。

The Emerging Roles of microRNAs in Stem Cell Aging.

机构信息

Stem Cell Regulation and Animal Aging Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.

Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.

出版信息

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1056:11-26. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_2.

DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-74470-4_2

PMID:29754172

Abstract

Aging is the continuous loss of tissue and organ function over time. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are thought to play a vital role in this process. miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that control the expression of target mRNA. They are involved in many biological processes such as developmental timing, differentiation, cell death, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, aging and cancer. Accumulating studies in recent years suggest that miRNAs play crucial roles in stem cell division and differentiation. In the present chapter, we present a brief overview of these studies and discuss their contributions toward our understanding of the importance of miRNAs in normal and aged stem cell function in various model systems.

摘要

衰老是随着时间的推移组织和器官功能的不断丧失。microRNAs（miRNAs）被认为在这个过程中起着至关重要的作用。miRNAs 是内源性的小非编码 RNA，可控制靶 mRNA 的表达。它们参与许多生物学过程，如发育定时、分化、细胞死亡、干细胞增殖和分化、免疫反应、衰老和癌症。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，miRNAs 在干细胞分裂和分化中起着关键作用。在本章中，我们简要概述了这些研究，并讨论了它们对我们理解 miRNA 在各种模型系统中正常和衰老的干细胞功能中的重要性的贡献。