Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa.
Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
Poult Sci. 2018 Aug 1;97(8):2745-2753. doi: 10.3382/ps/pey047.
The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of a humic acid and enzymes on growth performance, protein utilization, and blood parameters in broilers fed canola-based diets. Canola meal (CM) is characterized as low protein compared to soybean meal. Two-hundred-twenty broiler chickens were randomly allotted to the following 5 dietary treatments: 1. Control (commercial broiler diet); 2. CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); 3. CMEnz (CM + 0.3 g/kg enzymes [Axtra XAP]); 4. CMPh (CM + 1.5% potassium humate, PH) and 5. CMEnzPh (CM + 1.5% PH + 0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP). Each treatment was replicated 4 times with each pen holding 11 birds as the experimental unit. The feeding trial was conducted over a grower (15 to 28 d) and a finisher phase (29 to 42 d). Diet did not affect (P > 0.05) feed intake across either grower or finisher phase but affected average daily gain (ADG) in the grower phase. In the grower phase, broilers fed CM had the highest ADG (71± 1.08 g/d), while the control (63.75 ± 1.08 g/d) had the lowest. However, control chickens had the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.65), while those fed CM (1.47) had the lowest. Diet significantly affected total white blood cell and white blood cell differential, which were consistently high in broilers fed CMEnzPh. With regard to serum metabolites, CM had the highest levels (P < 0.05) of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (406.86 ± 38.07 IU/L), while CMEnzPh (254.17 ± 41.11 IU/L) had the lowest levels. Additionally, broilers fed CMPh had the highest (P < 0.05) serum sodium content (150.57 ± 0.69 mmol/l). Overall, canola meal, in the presence of enzymes and humic acid, was shown to have great potential as an alternative replacement of soybean meal in broiler diets. The findings from the study can, therefore, contribute to the design of low-cost canola-based feed formulations that will improve growth performance and health status in poultry farming systems in the future.
本研究旨在探讨腐植酸和酶对菜籽粕日粮条件下肉鸡生长性能、蛋白质利用和血液参数的影响。与豆粕相比，菜籽粕的蛋白质含量较低。220 只肉鸡被随机分配到以下 5 种日粮处理中：1. 对照组（商业肉鸡日粮）；2. CM（17.5%菜籽粕添加量）；3. CMEnz（CM+0.3g/kg 酶[Axtra XAP]）；4. CMPh（CM+1.5%腐植酸钾，PH）和 5. CMEnzPh（CM+1.5%PH+0.3g/kg Axtra XAP）。每个处理重复 4 次，每个重复 11 只鸡作为一个实验单位。饲养试验分为生长期（15-28 天）和育肥期（29-42 天）两个阶段。日粮对生长期和育肥期的采食量均无影响（P>0.05），但影响生长期的平均日增重（ADG）。在生长期，饲喂 CM 的肉鸡 ADG 最高（71±1.08g/d），而对照组（63.75±1.08g/d）最低。然而，对照组的饲料转化率（FCR）最高（1.65），而饲喂 CM 的肉鸡最低（1.47）。日粮显著影响总白细胞和白细胞分类计数，饲喂 CMEnzPh 的肉鸡白细胞始终较高。就血清代谢物而言，CM 的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平最高（P<0.05）（406.86±38.07IU/L），而 CMEnzPh（254.17±41.11IU/L）水平最低。此外，饲喂 CMPh 的肉鸡血清钠含量最高（P<0.05）（150.57±0.69mmol/L）。总之，菜籽粕在添加酶和腐植酸后，具有作为肉鸡日粮中豆粕替代物的巨大潜力。因此，本研究结果可为未来低菜籽粕成本饲料配方的设计提供参考，以提高家禽养殖系统的生长性能和健康状况。
