Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University 2046, Mmabatho, South Africa; Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
Poult Sci. 2020 Jun;99(6):3038-3046. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.01.029. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
The study evaluated the effects of Citrullus lanatus essential oils inclusion in diet on egg production, egg quality, and physiological parameters in layer hens. A total of 72 White Leghorn point-of-lay hens at 18 wk were used for the study. The hens were randomly allocated to following 3 dietary treatments: 1) commercial layer diet (control), 2) commercial diet + 1 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (1gCL), and 3) commercial diet + 2 g C. lanatus essential oil/kg feed (2gCL). Each treatment was replicated 8 times arranged in completely randomized design. From the results, an increase in total weight gain, average daily feed intake, and average daily gain was observed with inclusion of the C. lanatus essential oil. In addition, the inclusion of C. lanatus in diet improved the egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hens fed C. lanatus-containing diets had higher egg mass (1gCL, 53.35 g ± 0.71; 2gCL, 53.99 ± 0.71 g) compared with the control (52.90 ± 0.71). The C. lanatus containing diets also had lower FCR than the control (1gCL [2.18 ± 0.22] and 2gCL [2.16 ± 0.22] vs. control [2.20 ± 0.71]). With regards to egg quality parameters, inclusion of C. lanatus oil appeared to reduce shell weight and shell ratio, while increasing albumen height and Haugh unit. Diets containing C. lanatus had significantly higher amounts of stearic acid, and linoleic acid was highest (P < 0.05) in the 2gCL fed hens. Birds fed the 2gCL diet (15.29 ± 0.60) had the highest total polyunsaturated fatty acids, total n-6 fatty acids (14.81 ± 0.59) and also had the highest n-6/n-3 ratio. An increase hematological values was observed with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. Moreover, tibia bone parameters were also significantly improved with inclusion of C. lanatus essential oils in diets. It can be concluded that C. lanatus essential oil positively affected egg production, and quality and health of layer hens can be used successfully as a natural feed additive.
本研究评估了在蛋鸡日粮中添加葫芦巴精油对产蛋性能、蛋品质和生理参数的影响。选用 72 只 18 周龄的白来航产蛋鸡进行本研究。这些母鸡被随机分配到以下 3 种日粮处理：1）商业蛋鸡日粮（对照）、2）商业日粮+1g 葫芦巴精油/千克饲料（1gCL）和 3）商业日粮+2g 葫芦巴精油/千克饲料（2gCL）。每个处理重复 8 次，完全随机设计排列。结果表明，添加葫芦巴精油可增加总增重、平均日采食量和平均日增重。此外，在日粮中添加葫芦巴可提高蛋重和饲料转化率（FCR）。饲喂含有葫芦巴的日粮的母鸡产蛋量更高（1gCL，53.35g±0.71；2gCL，53.99±0.71g），高于对照组（52.90±0.71g）。含有葫芦巴的日粮的 FCR 也低于对照组（1gCL[2.18±0.22]和 2gCL[2.16±0.22] vs. 对照组[2.20±0.71]）。关于蛋品质参数，添加葫芦巴油似乎降低了蛋壳重量和蛋壳比，同时增加了蛋白高度和哈夫单位。含有葫芦巴的日粮中硬脂酸含量显著增加，2gCL 组母鸡的亚油酸含量最高（P<0.05）。饲喂 2gCL 日粮的鸡（15.29±0.60）总多不饱和脂肪酸含量最高，总 n-6 脂肪酸含量最高（14.81±0.59），n-6/n-3 比值也最高。添加葫芦巴精油可增加血液学值。此外，添加葫芦巴精油还可显著改善胫骨骨参数。综上所述，葫芦巴精油可显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质，可作为一种天然的饲料添加剂成功使用。
