Kleinpell Ruth, Cook Michelle L, Padden Diane L
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, Tennessee.
Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois.
J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 2018 Mar;30(3):140-149. doi: 10.1097/JXX.0000000000000030.
Data from national surveys on the practice of nurse practitioners (NPs) provides valuable information on aspects of practice, demographic characteristics of providers and patients, plans for continued employment, and role satisfaction. The American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) has been conducting the AANP Sample Survey since 1988.
The most recent AANP Sample Survey was conducted in 2016 with a random stratified survey of 40,000 NPs. Data were collected bimodally, by internet and mail surveys. Responses were received from 3,970 respondents (9.9% response rate), with 335 respondents reporting NP certification in acute care as adult-gerontology acute care and/or pediatric acute care.
Almost all acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) reported that they were clinically practicing in 2016 (99.3%), with the top three areas encompassing cardiovascular (20.5%), critical care (12.1%), and hospitalist roles (6.3%). More than 1 in 4 ACNPs worked in a hospital inpatient setting, with 16.1% reporting work in a hospital outpatient clinic, 7.7% in a private group practice, 6.5% at a public university, and some in combined roles covering both inpatient and outpatient care, or on consultation service or specialty-based teams. On average, 34.1% of the patients ACNPs saw were between the ages of 66 and 85 years, and 11.2% were 85 years and older. The top 3 medication classes in which ACNPs regularly prescribe were diuretics (31.9%), analgesic narcotics (31.2%), and antibiotics (27.3%). Majority (88%) report satisfaction with the role, and approximately one third (31.1%) expect to continue to work in their current practice for more than 10 years.
The findings of the 2016 AANP National NP Sample Survey data related to ACNP practice identify expansion of work settings, practice consistent with acute care scope of practice, role satisfaction, and intent to continue working. Continued monitoring of practice components and employment is indicated to track ACNP workforce trends.
全国执业护士（NP）执业情况调查数据为执业方面、医护人员及患者的人口统计学特征、持续就业计划和角色满意度等提供了有价值的信息。自1988年以来，美国执业护士协会（AANP）一直在开展AANP抽样调查。
最近一次AANP抽样调查于2016年进行，对40000名执业护士进行随机分层调查。通过网络和邮寄调查两种方式收集数据。共收到3970名受访者的回复（回复率为9.9%），其中335名受访者报告拥有成人-老年急症护理和/或儿科急症护理方面的急症护理NP认证。
几乎所有急症护理执业护士（ACNP）都报告称他们在2016年仍在临床执业（99.3%），前三大领域包括心血管疾病（20.5%）、重症护理（12.1%）和住院医师角色（6.3%）。超过四分之一的ACNP在医院住院部工作，16.1%报告在医院门诊部工作，7.7%在私人团体诊所工作，6.5%在公立大学工作，还有一些人担任涵盖住院和门诊护理的综合角色，或从事咨询服务或专科团队工作。ACNP接诊的患者平均有34.1%年龄在66至85岁之间，11.2%为85岁及以上。ACNP经常开具的前三大类药物是利尿剂（31.9%）、镇痛性麻醉药（31.2%）和抗生素（27.3%）。大多数人（88%）报告对该角色感到满意，约三分之一（31.1%）预计会在目前的执业岗位上继续工作超过10年。
2016年AANP全国NP抽样调查中与ACNP执业相关的数据结果表明了工作环境的扩展、与急症护理执业范围一致的实践、角色满意度以及继续工作的意愿。建议持续监测实践组成部分和就业情况，以跟踪ACNP劳动力趋势。
