Melin Eva Olga, Dereke Jonatan, Thunander Maria, Hillman Magnus
Department of Clinical SciencesEndocrinology and Diabetes, Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Lund, Sweden
Department of Research and DevelopmentRegion Kronoberg, Växjö, Sweden.
Endocr Connect. 2018 Jun;7(6):819-828. doi: 10.1530/EC-18-0108. Epub 2018 May 14.
Neuroinflammatory responses are implicated in depression. The aim was to explore whether depression in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) was associated with high circulating galectin-3, controlling for metabolic variables, s-creatinine, life style factors, medication and cardiovascular complications.
Cross-sectional.
Participants were T1D patients ( = 283, 56% men, age 18-59 years, diabetes duration ≥1 year). Depression was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, and supplemented with data from medical records and the Swedish National Diabetes Registry. Galectin-3 ≥2.562 µg/l, corresponding to the 85th percentile, was defined as high galectin-3.
Median (quartile, quartile) galectin-3 (µg/l) was 1.3 (0.8, 2.9) for the 30 depressed patients, and 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) for the 253 non-depressed, = 0.009. Depression was associated with high galectin-3 in all the 283 patients (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.5), in the 161 men (AOR 3.4), and in the 122 women (AOR 3.9). HbA1c, s-lipids, s-creatinine, blood pressure, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, cardiovascular complications and drugs (antihypertensive, lipid lowering, oral antidiabetic drugs and antidepressants) were not associated with high galectin-3.
This is the first study to show an association between depression and galectin-3. Depression was the only explored parameter associated with high circulating galectin-3 levels in 283 T1D patients. High galectin-3 levels might contribute to the increased risk for Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality observed in persons with depression. Potentially, in the future, treatment targeting galactin-3 might improve the prognosis for patients with high galectin-3 levels.
神经炎症反应与抑郁症有关。本研究旨在探讨1型糖尿病（T1D）患者的抑郁症是否与循环半乳糖凝集素-3水平升高有关，同时控制代谢变量、血清肌酐、生活方式因素、药物治疗和心血管并发症。
横断面研究。
研究对象为T1D患者（n = 283，56%为男性，年龄18 - 59岁，糖尿病病程≥1年）。采用医院焦虑抑郁量表抑郁分量表评估抑郁症。采集血样、人体测量数据和血压，并补充病历数据和瑞典国家糖尿病登记处的数据。半乳糖凝集素-3≥2.562μg/l（对应第85百分位数）被定义为高半乳糖凝集素-3。
30例抑郁症患者的半乳糖凝集素-3（μg/l）中位数（四分位数间距）为1.3（0.8，2.9），253例非抑郁症患者为0.9（0.5，1.6），P = 0.009。在所有283例患者中，抑郁症与高半乳糖凝集素-3有关（校正比值比[AOR] 3.5），在161例男性中（AOR 3.4），在122例女性中（AOR 3.9）。糖化血红蛋白、血脂、血清肌酐、血压、肥胖、吸烟、身体活动不足、心血管并发症和药物（抗高血压药、降脂药、口服降糖药和抗抑郁药）与高半乳糖凝集素-3无关。
这是第一项显示抑郁症与半乳糖凝集素-3之间存在关联的研究。抑郁症是283例T1D患者中唯一与循环半乳糖凝集素-3水平升高相关的研究参数。高半乳糖凝集素-3水平可能导致抑郁症患者患阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病和全因死亡的风险增加。未来，针对半乳糖凝集素-3的治疗可能会改善高半乳糖凝集素-3水平患者的预后。
